Donkey genome and insight into the imprinting of fast karyotype evolution.
Abstract: The donkey, like the horse, is a promising model for exploring karyotypic instability. We report the de novo whole-genome assemblies of the donkey and the Asiatic wild ass. Our results reflect the distinct characteristics of donkeys, including more effective energy metabolism and better immunity than horses. The donkey shows a steady demographic trajectory. We detected abundant satellite sequences in some inactive centromere regions but not in neocentromere regions, while ribosomal RNAs frequently emerged in neocentromere regions but not in the obsolete centromere regions. Expanded miRNA families and five newly discovered miRNA target genes involved in meiosis may be associated with fast karyotype evolution. APC/C, controlling sister chromatid segregation, cytokinesis, and the establishment of the G1 cell cycle phase were identified by analysis of miRNA targets and rapidly evolving genes.
Publication Date: 2015-09-16 PubMed ID: 26373886PubMed Central: PMC4571621DOI: 10.1038/srep14106Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research explores the genome of the donkey and the Asiatic wild ass to better understand their unique characteristics including their stronger immunity and energy metabolism than horses. In particular, it considers the role of certain genes in rapid karyotype evolution.
Genome Assemblies of Donkey and Asiatic Wild Ass
- The study centers on the de novo whole-genome assemblies of the donkey and the Asiatic wild ass. These species were selected due to their promising capacity to model karyotypic instability, an important aspect of genomic evolution.
- The research reflects the distinct characteristics of donkeys, such as better immunity and more effective energy metabolism compared to horses, which also adds to their uniqueness as genomic research subjects.
Distribution of Satellite Sequences and Ribosomal RNAs
- The researchers found numerous satellite sequences in the inactive centromere regions of the donkey genome but not in the neocentromere regions. Conversely, they detected ribosomal RNAs more frequently in the neocentromere regions and not in the obsolete centromere regions. This distribution helps understand the functional differences between these genomic regions.
Contribution of miRNA Families to Karyotype Evolution
- The team observed expanded microRNA (miRNA) families and found five new miRNA target genes that seem to be involved in meiosis – a process of cell division that produces reproductive cells.
- These miRNAs and their targets may be associated with the rapid karyotype evolution observed in these species, contributing to the peculiar characteristics of donkey and Asiatic wild ass genomes.
Identification of the APC/C Complex
- The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a key regulator of cell division, was identified in the study. APC/C helps control sister chromatid segregation, cytokinesis (the final stage of cell division), and the establishment of the initial phase of the cell cycle, known as the G1 phase.
- This determination was made through an analysis of miRNA targets and rapidly evolving genes, showcasing the potential of these molecules and processes in understanding, and possibly influencing, karyotypic evolution.
Cite This Article
APA
Huang J, Zhao Y, Bai D, Shiraigol W, Li B, Yang L, Wu J, Bao W, Ren X, Jin B, Zhao Q, Li A, Bao S, Bao W, Xing Z, An A, Gao Y, Wei R, Bao Y, Bao T, Han H, Bai H, Bao Y, Zhang Y, Daidiikhuu D, Zhao W, Liu S, Ding J, Ye W, Ding F, Sun Z, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Meng H, Dugarjaviin M.
(2015).
Donkey genome and insight into the imprinting of fast karyotype evolution.
Sci Rep, 5, 14106.
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep14106 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Personal Biotechnology Limited Company, 218 Yindu Road, Shanghai 200231, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Personal Biotechnology Limited Company, 218 Yindu Road, Shanghai 200231, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Personal Biotechnology Limited Company, 218 Yindu Road, Shanghai 200231, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Personal Biotechnology Limited Company, 218 Yindu Road, Shanghai 200231, P. R. China.
- SRA Inc. 6003 Executive Blvd. Suite 400, Rockville, MD20852, USA.
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Centromere / genetics
- Computational Biology / methods
- Equidae / genetics
- Evolution, Molecular
- Gene Rearrangement
- Genome
- Genomic Imprinting
- Genomics / methods
- Karyotype
- MicroRNAs / genetics
- Molecular Sequence Annotation
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger / genetics
- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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