Drug resistance patterns of Salmonella isolates of equine origin from India.
Abstract: Salmonellosis is a zoonosis, and one of the most serious public health and animal health problems. Methods: We studied 111 isolates of Salmonella belonging to 14 S. enterica subspecies enterica serovars namely S. Abortusequi (45), S. Weltevreden (1), S. Dumfries (2), S. Tshiongwe (1), S.I. 4,5,12:r,i:1,5 (12), S. Bovismorbificans (3), S. Drogana (8), S. Lagos (4), S. Kottbus (3), S. Richmond (1), S. Typhimurium (6), S. Newport (7), S. Paratyphi B var Java (17) and S. Saintpaul (5) isolated from equids in India. Results: All strains studied were resistant to one or more antimicrobials. Strains were resistant to ampicillin (18, 16%), ampicillin+cloxacillin (6, 5%), cefotaxime (6, 5%), chloramphenicol (2, 2%), ciprofloxacin (9, 8%), gentamicin (27, 24%), kanamycin (37, 33%), nalidixic acid (10, 9%), furazolidone (97, 87%), streptomycin (33, 30%), sulphamethoxazole (91, 82%), tetracycline (48, 43%) and trimethoprim (5, 4.5%). Multiple-drug-resistance was detected in 84 (75.7%) isolates and was seen in isolates of all serovars except of S. Kottbus, a rare serovar in India. Salmonella isolates could be classified into 51 resistotypes but 47 (42.3%) isolates belonged to six major resistotypes. Resistotype 13 (resistant to furazolidone, sulphamethoxazole and tetracycline) was most common, followed by resistotype 19 (resistant to nalidixic acid, sulphamethoxazole and tetracycline), resistotype 28 (resistant to furazolidone, streptomycine, sulphamethoxazole and tetracycline) and resistotype 40 (resistant to furazolidone, gentamycin, kanamycin, streptomycine, sulphamethoxazole and tetracycline) including 11, 8, 8 and 7 strains of different serovars, respectively. Conclusions: This study revealed that antimicrobial drug resistance was common in Salmonella isolates from equids even towards those drugs not used in equids.
Publication Date: 2009-03-01 PubMed ID: 19755745DOI: 10.3855/jidc.61Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research paper focuses on Salmonella strains found in horses in India and their resistance to various drugs. The authors found a high prevalence of drug-resistant Salmonella strains that could potentially spread to humans.
Salmonella Isolates and Their Serovars
- The study analyzed 111 isolates of Salmonella that belonged to 14 different serovars of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica. These serovars were identified from equids (a family of mammals that includes horses and related animals) in India.
- The most common serovar was S. Abortusequi, with 45 instances, followed by S.I. 4,5,12:r,i:1,5 with 12, and S. Paratyphi B var Java with 17.
Drug Resistant Patterns Observed in Salmonella Isolates
- The researchers found that the Salmonella strains were resistant to one or more antimicrobials. The drugs to which the strains were resistant included ampicillin, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, furazolidone, streptomycin, sulphamethoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethoprim.
- Most of the strains showed resistance to furazolidone (97 out of 111) and sulphamethoxazole (91 out of 111).
- Multi-drug resistance was observed in 84 of the isolates (nearly 76%). This occurred across all serovars with the exception of S. Kottbus, a rare form of Salmonella in India.
Classification of Salmonella Isolates Based on Their Resistance Patterns
- The Salmonella strains were classified into 51 different resistance patterns (or resistotypes), though about 42% of the samples belonged to one of six common types.
- The most common resistotype was resistant to furazolidone, sulphamethoxazole and tetracycline. Other common resistotypes included resistance to a combination of other drugs such as nalidixic acid, streptomycin, gentamicin and kanamycin.
Implications of the Study
- The study revealed that resistance to antimicrobial drugs was common among Salmonella strains in equids, even in cases where those drugs were not used in horses. The wide range of drug resistance, including to drugs used in human medicine, poses a public health concern due to the risk of transfer of such drug-resistant bacteria to humans.
Cite This Article
APA
Singh BR, Jyoti J, Chandra M, Babu N, Sharma G.
(2009).
Drug resistance patterns of Salmonella isolates of equine origin from India.
J Infect Dev Ctries, 3(2), 141-147.
https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.61 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- ICAR, Research Complex for NEH Region, Nagaland Centre, Medziphema, Jharnapani-797 106, Nagaland, India. singh_br1762@rediffmail.com
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
- Equidae / microbiology
- Humans
- India
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests
- Salmonella Infections, Animal / microbiology
- Salmonella enterica / drug effects
- Salmonella enterica / isolation & purification
- Zoonoses / microbiology
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Rishi P, Preet S, Kaur P. Effect of L. plantarum cell-free extract and co-trimoxazole against Salmonella Typhimurium: a possible adjunct therapy. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2011 Feb 27;10:9.
- Parvathi A, Vijayan J, Murali G, Chandran P. Comparative virulence genotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of environmental and clinical Salmonella enterica from Cochin, India. Curr Microbiol 2011 Jan;62(1):21-6.
- Eydi J, Tukmechi A. Drug resistance and virulence-associated genes screening in Salmonella enterica isolated from Caspian pony, Iran. Vet Res Forum 2024;15(9):481-486.
- Manikandan R, Rajagunalan S, Malmarugan S, Gupta C. First report on whole genome sequencing and comparative genomics of Salmonella enterica serovar Abortusequi isolated from Donkey in India. Sci Rep 2024 Oct 8;14(1):23455.
- Kabir A, Lamichhane B, Habib T, Adams A, El-Sheikh Ali H, Slovis NM, Troedsson MHT, Helmy YA. Antimicrobial Resistance in Equines: A Growing Threat to Horse Health and Beyond-A Comprehensive Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024 Jul 29;13(8).
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