Dural and deep cervical musculature anesthetic blockade for atlantoaxial collection of cerebrospinal fluid in horses.
Abstract: The analysis of cerebrospinal fluid has diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value in neurological illnesses in horses. There are different methods for obtaining cerebrospinal fluid, with the collection between the C1 and C2 vertebrae being a more recent methodology, which allows the procedure to be performed in standing patients, without the limitations of general anesthesia and with a low contamination of the sample with blood, presenting itself as a practical alternative. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a local dural blockade in healthy horses submitted to cerebrospinal fluid collection by atlantoaxial puncture and the quality of the samples obtained by this procedure, which were submitted to physical, chemical, and cytological analyses. The animals were evaluated considering aspects such as pain, sensitivity, the presence of edema, temperature variations, and ultrasonographic alterations post-collection. Discrete local changes were observed after the puncture, and the procedure was considered safe and simple to perform. Lidocaine blockade could reduce the reaction elicited by the needle passing through the dura mater, and the samples obtained showed satisfactory quality and laboratory results consistent with the values compiled in the literature. Transient hyperthermia was observed in 70% (7/10) of the animals in the dural blockade group, and 80%(8/10) of the patients from the control group, totalizing 75% of all individuals evaluated. The rectal temperature alteration was observed 4 to 12 hours after the procedure and was entirely resolved without intervention by the 24-hour evaluation.
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Publication Date: 2023-12-21 PubMed ID: 38135196DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104987Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
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The study examines the effectiveness and safety of a local dural blockade in healthy horses undergoing cerebrospinal fluid collection through atlantoaxial puncture and looks at the quality of the samples collected through this process.
Study Objective and Methodology
- The study’s primary objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a local anesthetic called a dural blockade in healthy horses that underwent a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection through an atlantoaxial puncture.
- The quality of the samples obtained from this procedure was a significant consideration in the study. These samples underwent a series of physical, chemical, and cytological analyses.
- Researchers also assessed aspects such as the animal’s level of pain and sensitivity, the presence of edema, variations in temperature, and any ultrasonographic changes observed after the procedure.
Results and Findings
- The procedure was found to be safe and straightforward to perform. It resulted in only minor local changes following the puncture.
- Lidocaine, used in the dural blockade, effectively reduced any adverse reactions prompted by the needle passing through the dura mater.
- The quality of the CSF samples collected was deemed satisfactory and consistent with values cited in other research.
- The study noted that 70% of the animals in the dural blockade group and 80% of the patients from the control group experienced a temporary increase in body temperature (hyperthermia) post-procedure. This amounted to 75% of all the individuals evaluated in the study.
- The rise in rectal temperature occurred 4 to 12 hours after the procedure but resolved without any intervention by the 24-hour evaluation point.
Implications and Conclusion
- The study proves that CSF collection using atlantoaxial puncture under local dural anesthetic blocakde is a practical and effective alternative for diagnosing neurological disorders in horses.
- Not only is the procedure safe and straightforward, but it also greatly reduces the limitations and risks associated with general anesthesia.
- While the research does point to local change and temporary hyperthermia as potential side effects, these were found to be both minor and transient, thereby suggesting that the benefits of the procedure may far outweigh its associated risks.
Cite This Article
APA
Pereira GF, Fenelon ACG, Horr M, Nogueira GM, Delfiol DJZ.
(2023).
Dural and deep cervical musculature anesthetic blockade for atlantoaxial collection of cerebrospinal fluid in horses.
J Equine Vet Sci, 132, 104987.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104987 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- School of Veterinary Medicine - Universidade Federal de Uberlu00e2ndia, Uberlu00e2ndia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- School of Veterinary Medicine - Universidade Federal de Uberlu00e2ndia, Uberlu00e2ndia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- School of Veterinary Medicine - Universidade Federal de Uberlu00e2ndia, Uberlu00e2ndia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: monica.horr@ufu.br.
- School of Veterinary Medicine - Universidade Federal de Uberlu00e2ndia, Uberlu00e2ndia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: geison.nogueira@ufu.br.
- School of Veterinary Medicine - Universidade Federal de Uberlu00e2ndia, Uberlu00e2ndia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: djzdelfiol@ufu.br.
Conflict of Interest Statement
Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.