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Home / Equine Research Bank / Int J Mol Sci / Dynamics of the Equine Placental DNA Methylome and Transcrip...
International journal of molecular sciences2023; 24(8); 7084; doi: 10.3390/ijms24087084

Dynamics of the Equine Placental DNA Methylome and Transcriptome from Mid- to Late Gestation.

Abstract: The placenta is a temporary organ that is essential for the survival of the fetus, with a lifelong effect on the health of both the offspring and the dam. The functions of the placenta are controlled by its dynamic gene expression during gestation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the equine placental DNA methylome as one of the fundamental mechanisms that controls the gene expression dynamic. Chorioallantois samples from four (4M), six (6M), and ten (10M) months of gestation were used to map the methylation pattern of the placenta. Globally, methylation levels increased toward the end of gestation. We identified 921 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between 4M and 6M, 1225 DMRs between 4M and 10M, and 1026 DMRs between 6M and 10M. A total of 817 genes carried DMRs comparing 4M and 6M, 978 comparing 4M and 10M, and 804 comparing 6M and 10M. We compared the transcriptomes between the samples and found 1381 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) when comparing 4M and 6M, 1428 DEGs between 4M and 10M, and 741 DEGs between 6M and 10M. Finally, we overlapped the DEGs and genes carrying DMRs (DMRs-DEGs). Genes exhibiting (a) higher expression, low methylation and (b) low expression, high methylation at different time points were identified. The majority of these DMRs-DEGs were located in introns (48.4%), promoters (25.8%), and exons (17.7%) and were involved in changes in the extracellular matrix; regulation of epithelial cell migration; vascularization; and regulation of minerals, glucose, and metabolites, among other factors. Overall, this is the first report highlighting the dynamics in the equine placenta methylome during normal pregnancy. The findings presented serve as a foundation for future studies on the impact of abnormal methylation on the outcomes of equine pregnancies.
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Publication Date: 2023-04-11 PubMed ID: 37108254PubMed Central: PMC10139181DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087084Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study explores the changes in DNA methylation and gene expression in horse placentas during various stages of gestation. Increased methylation levels were observed as gestation progressed and these changes were linked to crucial biological functions such as cell migration, vascularization, and metabolic regulation.

Research Objectives and Methods

  • The researchers aimed to understand the patterns of DNA methylation, a mechanism that influences gene expression, in the placenta of horses (equine) during various stages of gestation. This was carried out with the intended purpose of learning how these fundamental controls affect the behavior of genes over the pregnancy duration.
  • They examined placental samples from the fourth (4M), sixth (6M), and tenth (10M) month of gestation to determine the methylation pattern in the placenta. They also compared the transcriptomes (set of all RNA molecules) between these samples to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs).

Key Findings

  • The overall methylation levels in the placenta increased towards the end of gestation. During this process, they identified numerous differentially methylated regions (DMRs), with a significant number of genes carrying these DMRs in the different gestational stages compared.
  • By investigating the transcriptomes, they uncovered a significant number of DEGs between the compared gestational stages. The DEGs were then compared with the genes carrying DMRs to identify genes with both changing methylation and gene expression levels over time.
  • It was observed that genes with higher expression had lower methylation and those with lower expression had higher methylation at different stages of pregnancy.
  • The majority of the identified genes that carry both DMRs and DEGs (DMRs-DEGs) were found within introns (within genes), promoters (start of genes), and exons (coding regions of genes). These genes were linked to crucial biological functions and changes throughout gestation, including regulation of cell migration, vascularization, and metabolic processes among others.

Significance of the Study

  • This investigation is the first of its kind to outline the dynamics of DNA methylation in the horse placenta during a normal pregnancy. It helps understand how methylation changes are potentially crucial to the health and survival of the fetus as well as the mother.
  • The study establishes a foundation for future research by providing a basis for exploration into understanding how abnormal methylation could impact horse pregnancies. This research could be instrumental in providing insights into maintaining the health of pregnant horses and their offspring.

Cite This Article

APA
Orellana-Guerrero D, Uribe-Salazar JM, El-Sheikh Ali H, Scoggin KE, Ball B, Daels P, Finno CJ, Dini P. (2023). Dynamics of the Equine Placental DNA Methylome and Transcriptome from Mid- to Late Gestation. Int J Mol Sci, 24(8), 7084. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087084

Publication

International journal of molecular sciences
ISSN: 1422-0067
NlmUniqueID: 101092791
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 24
Issue: 8
PII: 7084

Researcher Affiliations

Orellana-Guerrero, Daniela
  • Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Uribe-Salazar, José M
  • Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
El-Sheikh Ali, Hossam
  • Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
Scoggin, Kirsten E
  • Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
Ball, Barry
  • Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
Daels, Peter
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
Finno, Carrie J
  • Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Dini, Pouya
  • Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Pregnancy
  • Animals
  • Female
  • Horses / genetics
  • Placenta / metabolism
  • DNA Methylation
  • Transcriptome
  • Epigenome
  • Fetus / metabolism
  • Epigenesis, Genetic

Grant Funding

  • CEH / Center for Equine Health

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Semik-Gurgul E, Pawlina-Tyszko K, Gurgul A, Szmatoła T, Rybińska J, Ząbek T. In search of epigenetic hallmarks of different tissues: an integrative omics study of horse liver, lung, and heart. Mamm Genome 2024 Dec;35(4):600-620.
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