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Journal of sports science & medicine2005; 4(4); 415-421;

Effects of prolonged exercise on oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in endurance horse.

Abstract: Increased oxidative stress during prolonged endurance exercise may end up with muscle damage, fatigue and decreased physical performance. We have recently shown that acute exercise at moderate intensity induced lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) in trained trotters. The aim of this study was to measure the changes in oxidative stress and antioxidant defense following an 80-km ride in the blood of endurance horses. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after the ride. Unlike to our previous studies performed on trotters, in endurance horses there were no measurable changes in antioxidants or oxidative stress marker lipid hydroperoxides (LPO) after prolonged exercise. ORAC, vitamin E and lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) concentration or glutathione related enzyme activities were not altered due to the 80-km ride. However, the base line levels of oxidative stress marker were higher in endurance horses compared to trotters. A positive correlation between the pre-ride LPO concentration and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity after the ride was observed, which may indicate a protective response of glutathione peroxidase against exercise-induced oxidative stress. Our results suggest that endurance horses have higher oxidative stress levels compared to trotters and a single 80-km ride probably did not suffice to induce oxidative stress and to activate antioxidant defense mechanisms. Key PointsReactive oxygen species (ROS) at lower concentrations have physiological role in the signal transduction and in the regulation of cellular functions. However, the overproduction of ROS results in oxidative stress, an imbalance favoring pro-oxidants over antioxidants.Increased oxidative stress which occurred during prolonged and strenuous physical exercise may end up with muscle damage, fatigue and decreased performance.Prolonged exercise at moderate intensity does not induce oxidative stress in endurance horses.Endurance horses have higher oxidative stress at rest compared to trotters which were trained for short bouts of exercise.
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Publication Date: 2005-12-01 PubMed ID: 24501555PubMed Central: PMC3899657
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research studied the effects of prolonged exercise on oxidative stress and the antioxidant defense system in endurance horses. It found that endurance horses do not suffer from increased oxidative stress after extended exercise, but generally have higher resting oxidative stress levels than trotters.

Research Objectives and Methods

The researchers aimed to evaluate how prolonged physical exertion impacts oxidative stress and the body’s antioxidant defense in endurance horses. Oxidative stress refers to the imbalance resulting from the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), detrimental compounds that can cause muscle damage, fatigue, and reduced performance.

  • The study was conducted by monitoring the changes in oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in endurance horses following an 80-kilometer ride.
  • Blood samples were collected before and immediately after the ride for evaluation.

Findings and Implications

  • Unlike previous studies on trotting horses, the current research found no changes in the antioxidants or oxidative stress marker lipid hydroperoxides (LPO) in endurance horses after the extended exercise.
  • Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC), Vitamin E, lipid hydroperoxide concentration, and activities of glutathione-related enzymes remained consistent before and after the 80-km ride, implying that this level of exercise did not induce oxidative stress or activate the antioxidant defense mechanisms in these horses.
  • The study also found that the baseline levels of oxidative stress were higher in endurance horses compared to trotters.
  • There was a noticeable positive correlation between the pre-ride LPO concentration and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity after the ride. This probably represents a protective response of glutathione peroxidase against exercise-induced oxidative stress.
  • These findings suggest that endurance horses are subjected to higher oxidative stress levels compared to trotters when at rest. However, a single 80-km ride seems to be insufficient to trigger oxidative stress or activate antioxidant defense mechanisms.

Conclusion

In summary, the study suggests that although endurance horses experience higher levels of oxidative stress at rest compared to trotters, long bouts of moderate exercise do not induce additional oxidative stress or trigger their antioxidant defenses. These findings not only help shape our understanding of the physiological responses in endurance horses but also could inform better training and care strategies for these animals.

Cite This Article

APA
Kinnunen S, Atalay M, Hyyppä S, Lehmuskero A, Hänninen O, Oksala N. (2005). Effects of prolonged exercise on oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in endurance horse. J Sports Sci Med, 4(4), 415-421.

Publication

Journal of sports science & medicine
ISSN: 1303-2968
NlmUniqueID: 101174629
Country: Turkey
Language: English
Volume: 4
Issue: 4
Pages: 415-421

Researcher Affiliations

Kinnunen, Susanna
  • Department of Physiology, University of Kuopio , Kuopio, Finland ; Equine Information Centre , Neulaniementie 5, Kuopio, Finland.
Atalay, Mustafa
  • Department of Physiology, University of Kuopio , Kuopio, Finland.
Hyyppä, Seppo
  • MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research , Ypäjä, Finland.
Lehmuskero, Arja
  • Equine Information Centre , Neulaniementie 5, Kuopio, Finland.
Hänninen, Osmo
  • Department of Physiology, University of Kuopio , Kuopio, Finland.
Oksala, Niku
  • Department of Physiology, University of Kuopio , Kuopio, Finland ; Department of Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital , Kuopio, Finland ; Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Tampere University Hospital , Tampere, Finland.

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