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Home / Equine Research Bank / Equine Vet J Suppl / Effects of three warm-up regimens of equal distance on VO2 k...
Equine veterinary journal. Supplement2011; (38); 33-39; doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00227.x

Effects of three warm-up regimens of equal distance on VO2 kinetics during supramaximal exercise in Thoroughbred horses.

Abstract: Several studies have indicated that even low-intensity warm-up increases O(2) transport kinetics and that high-intensity warm-up may not be needed in horses. However, conventional warm-up exercise for Thoroughbred races is more intense than those utilised in previous studies of equine warm-up responses. Objective: To test the hypothesis that warm-up exercise at different intensities alters the kinetics and total contribution of aerobic power to total metabolic power in subsequent supramaximal (sprint) exercise in Thoroughbred horses. Methods: Nine well-trained Thoroughbreds ran until fatigue at 115% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) 10 min after warming-up under each of 3 protocols of equal running distance: 400 s at 30% VO2max (LoWU), 200 s at 60% VO2max (MoWU) and 120 s at 100% VO2max (HiWU). Variables measured during exercise were rates of O(2) and CO(2) consumption/production (VO2,VO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate, blood lactate concentration and accumulation rate and blood gas variables. Results: VO2 was significantly higher in HiWU than in LoWU at the onset of the sprint exercise and HR was significantly higher in HiWU than in LoWU throughout the sprint. Accumulation of blood lactate, RER, P(a)CO(2) and PvCO2 in the first 60 s were significantly lower in HiWU than in LoWU and MoWU. There were no significant differences in stroke volume, run time or arterial-mixed venous O(2) concentration. Conclusions: These results suggest HiWU accelerates kinetics and reduces reliance on net anaerobic power compared with LoWU at the onset of the subsequent sprint.
© 2010 EVJ Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2011-05-27 PubMed ID: 21058980DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00227.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research explores how different warm-up intensities impact the aerobic power and oxygen consumption in Thoroughbred horses during sprint exercises. The study focused on three warm-up methods and discovered a high-intensity warm-up improved oxygen consumption rates and reduced reliance on anaerobic power.

Study Aim and Procedure

  • The study aimed to test the hypothesis that different warm-up intensities alter the oxygen consumption kinetics (rate of change) and the overall contribution of aerobic power to total metabolic power during sprinting exercises in Thoroughbred horses.
  • Nine well-trained Thoroughbreds were made to perform three types of warm-ups of equal distance but different intensities: low intensity (LoWU), medium intensity (MoWU), and high intensity (HiWU).
  • The horses were then made to run at 115% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) 10 minutes after each warm-up.

Variables Measured

  • During the exercises, several variables were taken into account, such as the rates of oxygen and carbon dioxide consumption/production, the Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER), heart rate, blood lactate concentration and accumulation rate, and blood gas variables.

Results

  • Results showed that the oxygen consumption was significantly higher in horses that underwent HiWU compared to those that had LoWU at the onset of sprint exercise.
  • The heart rate was significantly higher in the horses that went through HiWU than in the LoWU group throughout the sprint.
  • The accumulation of blood lactate, RER, and the partial arterial/venous carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2/PvCO2) in the first 60 seconds were significantly lower in the high-intensity warm-up group than in the low and medium intensity groups.
  • No significant differences were observed in stroke volume, running time, or arterial-mixed venous oxygen concentration among the groups.

Conclusions

  • The findings suggest that high-intensity warm-up accelerates kinetics and reduces the reliance on net anaerobic power compared to low-intensity warm-up at the onset of the subsequent sprint.

Cite This Article

APA
Mukai K, Hiraga A, Takahashi T, Ohmura H, Jones JH. (2011). Effects of three warm-up regimens of equal distance on VO2 kinetics during supramaximal exercise in Thoroughbred horses. Equine Vet J Suppl(38), 33-39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00227.x

Publication

Equine veterinary journal. Supplement
NlmUniqueID: 9614088
Country: United States
Language: English
Issue: 38
Pages: 33-39

Researcher Affiliations

Mukai, K
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi, Japan. mukai@center.equinst.go.jp
Hiraga, A
    Takahashi, T
      Ohmura, H
        Jones, J H

          MeSH Terms

          • Adaptation, Physiological / physiology
          • Animals
          • Body Temperature
          • Horses / blood
          • Horses / physiology
          • Lactic Acid / blood
          • Oxygen Consumption / physiology
          • Physical Conditioning, Animal / physiology
          • Time Factors

          Citations

          This article has been cited 6 times.
          1. Ohmura H, Ebisuda Y, Takahashi Y, Mukai K. Effects of pre-exercise cooling in hot environments on performance and physiological responses in Thoroughbred horses. J Equine Sci 2025;36(1):19-23.
            doi: 10.1294/jes.36.19pubmed: 40115731google scholar: lookup
          2. Schumacher A, Gehlen H. Health of Polo Horses. Animals (Basel) 2024 Jun 8;14(12).
            doi: 10.3390/ani14121735pubmed: 38929354google scholar: lookup
          3. Frippiat T, Votion DM. Warm-Up Strategies and Effects on Performance in Racing Horses and Sport Horses Competing in Olympic Disciplines. Animals (Basel) 2024 Mar 19;14(6).
            doi: 10.3390/ani14060945pubmed: 38540044google scholar: lookup
          4. Mercier Q, Aftalion A. Optimal speed in Thoroughbred horse racing. PLoS One 2020;15(12):e0235024.
            doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235024pubmed: 33264298google scholar: lookup
          5. Mukai K, Ohmura H, Matsui A, Aida H, Takahashi T, Jones JH. High-intensity training in normobaric hypoxia enhances exercise performance and aerobic capacity in Thoroughbred horses: A randomized crossover study. Physiol Rep 2020 May;8(10):e14442.
            doi: 10.14814/phy2.14442pubmed: 32441408google scholar: lookup
          6. Hiraga A, Sugano S. Studies on the exercise physiology of draft horses performed in Japan during the 1950s and 1960s. J Equine Sci 2017;28(1):1-12.
            doi: 10.1294/jes.28.1pubmed: 28400701google scholar: lookup
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