Effects on plasma endotoxin and eicosanoid concentrations and serum cytokine activities in horses competing in a 48-, 83-, or 159-km endurance ride under similar terrain and weather conditions.
Abstract: To determine plasma endotoxin concentration in horses competing in a 48-, 83-, or 159-km endurance race and its importance with regard to physical, hematologic, or serum and plasma biochemical variables. Methods: 3 horses. Methods: Weight and rectal temperature measurements and blood samples were obtained before, during, and after exercise. Blood samples were analyzed for plasma endotoxin concentration; serum antiendotoxin antibody titers; thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha (PGF1alpha) concentrations; tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) activities; WBC, plasma protein, lactate, serum electrolyte, and calcium concentrations; PCV; and creatine kinase activity. Results: Detection of plasma endotoxin increased during exercise for horses competing at all distances but occurred more frequently in the 48- and 83-km groups. Plasma lactate concentration was significantly greater when endotoxin was concurrently detected. Endotoxin in plasma was not significantly associated with success of race completion. Plasma TxB2 and PGF1alpha concentrations and serum IL-6 activity significantly increased with exercise. Horses that had an excellent fitness level (as perceived by their owners) had greater decreases in serum antiendotoxin antibody titers during exercise than did horses perceived as less fit. In horses with better finish times, TxB2 and PGF1alpha concentrations were significantly greater and TNFalpha activity was significantly less than that of slower horses. Conclusions: Endotoxemia developed during endurance racing, but was significantly correlated with increased plasma lactate concentration and not with other variables indicative of endotoxemia. Plasma TxB2 and PGF1alpha concentrations and serum TNFalpha activity may be associated with performance success.
Publication Date: 2003-06-28 PubMed ID: 12828262DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.754Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- Non-P.H.S.
Summary
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This research aimed to study the concentration of plasma endotoxin in horses participating in different distances of endurance races (48km, 83km, and 159km), and analysed its correlation with changes in physiological, hematologic, and biochemical plasma and serum aspects.
Research Methodology
- Three horses were studied for this research.
- Measurements of weight, rectal temperature and blood samples were taken before, during, and after the races.
- The blood samples analysis assessed different parameters like plasma endotoxin concentration; serum antiendotoxin antibody titers; TxB2 and PGF1alpha concentrations; TNFalpha and IL-6 activities; white blood cell count; plasma protein and lactic acid levels; serum electrolyte and calcium concentrations; PCV; and creatine kinase activity.
Research Findings
- Increased detection of plasma endotoxin was observed across all race distances, with a higher frequency in the 48km and 83km groups.
- Simultaneous detection of endotoxin resulted in a significantly greater concentration of lactate in the plasma.
- There was no significant correlation between plasma endotoxin levels and race completion success.
- A significant increase was observed in plasma TxB2 and PGF1alpha concentrations, and serum IL-6 activity with exercise.
- An interesting observation was that horses perceived as more fit by their owners showed a greater decrease in serum antiendotoxin antibody titers during exercise than those perceived as less fit.
- The study found that TxB2 and PGF1alpha concentrations were significantly higher while TNFalpha activity was significantly lower in horses with better finishing times compared to the slower horses.
Research Conclusions
- The study concluded that endotoxemia, or the presence of endotoxins in the blood, can develop during endurance races, and was found to be significantly correlated with increased plasma lactate concentration.
- However, endotoxemia was not correlated with other variables indicating its presence.
- Plasma TxB2, PGF1alpha concentrations, and serum TNFalpha activity may be associated with performance success in endurance races.
Cite This Article
APA
Barton MH, Williamson L, Jacks S, Norton N.
(2003).
Effects on plasma endotoxin and eicosanoid concentrations and serum cytokine activities in horses competing in a 48-, 83-, or 159-km endurance ride under similar terrain and weather conditions.
Am J Vet Res, 64(6), 754-761.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.754 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Body Temperature
- Body Weight
- Cytokines / blood
- Eicosanoids / blood
- Endotoxins / blood
- Female
- Horses / blood
- Horses / physiology
- Male
- Physical Conditioning, Animal / physiology
- Physical Exertion / physiology
- Weather
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Baltzer WI, Firshman AM, Stang B, Warnock JJ, Gorman E, McKenzie EC. The effect of agility exercise on eicosanoid excretion, oxidant status, and plasma lactate in dogs. BMC Vet Res 2012 Dec 28;8:249.
- Werners AH, Bryant CE. Pattern recognition receptors in equine endotoxaemia and sepsis. Equine Vet J 2012 Jul;44(4):490-8.
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