Enrofloxacin-based therapeutic strategy for the prevention of endometritis in susceptible mares.
Abstract: Enrofloxacin (EFX) is often used empirically to prevent uterine infections in mares in order to improve efficiency on Commercial Embryo Transfer Farms. This study investigated the uterine distribution of EFX and its metabolite ciprofloxacin (CFX) in mares and assessed the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of EFX against various common pathogens as a basis for establishing a rational dosing schedule. Plasma and uterine pharmacokinetic (PK) studies were performed in two groups (n = 5) of healthy mares following intravenous (i.v.) administration of EFX at either 2.5 and at 5 mg/kg bodyweight. Plasma and endometrial tissue samples, taken before for up to 48 h after treatment were analysed by Reverse Phase HPLC. MIC values for wild strains of Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (beta-haemolytic streptococci) ranged from 0.25-2 and 1.5-3.0 microg/mL respectively. In terms of tissue distribution, the sum of the endometrial concentrations of the parent drug (EFX) and its active metabolite (CFX) (in terms of AUC), exceeded those in plasma by 249% and 941% following administration of EFX at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg respectively. After i.v. treatment with EFX at 5 mg/kg, endometrial concentrations of EFX and CFX above the MIC value were detected for 36-48 and 22-43 h posttreatment for Gram-negative and -positive isolates respectively. Concentrations above MIC were maintained for much shorter periods at the lower (2.5 mg/kg) treatment dose. Based on these results, a conventional dose (5 mg/kg) of EFX given prebreeding followed by two further doses at 36-48 h postbreeding are proposed as a rational strategy for using of EFX as a preventative therapy against a variety of common bacterial strains associated with equine endometritis.
Publication Date: 2010-06-19 PubMed ID: 20557446DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2009.01135.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research examines the effectiveness of using Enrofloxacin (EFX), and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin (CFX), to prevent endometritis – a uterine infection in mares. The study looks at how these drugs are distributed in the uterus, their concentration levels over time, and how well they work against different strains of bacteria.
Research Methodology and Drug Distribution
- The study included two groups, each with five healthy mares. The groups were given different intravenous doses of EFX, either 2.5 or 5 mg/kg of body weight.
- Both plasma (blood) and endometrial (uterine) tissue samples were taken and analyzed for up to 48 hours after treatment using a method called Reverse Phase HPLC.
- The results showed that the concentrations of both EFX and CFX in the uterus were much higher than their concentrations in the blood. This was found to be so for even the lower dosage of EFX.
Drug Efficacy Against Bacteria
- The researchers also studied the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) – the lowest concentration of the drugs required to stop bacterial growth – against different strains of bacteria.
- The tested bacteria strains included both Gram-negative (such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (beta-haemolytic streptococci).
- The results revealed that post treatment, the drug concentrations remained above the MIC for 36-48 hours (for Gram-negative) and 22-43 hours (for Gram-positive) on the higher dose, and for shorter periods on the lower dose.
Treatment Schedule
- Based on these results, the researchers proposed an EFX treatment schedule as a preventative therapy against the common bacterial infections associated with endometritis in equines.
- The schedule involves a conventional prebreeding dose (5 mg/kg) followed by two further doses at 36-48-hour intervals postbreeding. It is asserted that this strategy will maintain enough drug concentration in the uterus to prevent bacterial infections.
Cite This Article
APA
González C, Moreno L, Fumuso E, García J, Rivulgo M, Confalonieri A, Sparo M, Sánchez Bruni S.
(2010).
Enrofloxacin-based therapeutic strategy for the prevention of endometritis in susceptible mares.
J Vet Pharmacol Ther, 33(3), 287-294.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2009.01135.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentine.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / analysis
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacokinetics
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / veterinary
- Chromatography, Reverse-Phase / veterinary
- Ciprofloxacin / metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Administration Schedule / veterinary
- Endometritis / prevention & control
- Endometritis / veterinary
- Endometrium / chemistry
- Enrofloxacin
- Female
- Fluoroquinolones / administration & dosage
- Fluoroquinolones / analysis
- Fluoroquinolones / pharmacokinetics
- Fluoroquinolones / therapeutic use
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses
- Injections, Intravenous / veterinary
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Tyrnenopoulou P, Fthenakis GC. Clinical Aspects of Bacterial Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance in the Reproductive System of Equids. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023 Mar 28;12(4).
- Malaluang P, Wilén E, Lindahl J, Hansson I, Morrell JM. Antimicrobial Resistance in Equine Reproduction. Animals (Basel) 2021 Oct 22;11(11).
- Thomson P, García P, Río CD, Castro R, Núñez A, Miranda C. Antimicrobial Resistance and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Genes in Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter Isolates from the Uterus of Healthy Mares. Pathogens 2023 Sep 8;12(9).
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