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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Clin Microbiol / Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of equine in...
Journal of clinical microbiology1984; 19(3); 351-355; doi: 10.1128/jcm.19.3.351-355.1984

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of equine infectious anemia virus p26 antigen and antibody.

Abstract: A sensitive specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay utilizing purified p26 antigen was developed for the detection of antibodies to equine infectious anemia virus in naturally and experimentally infected horses. Generally, antibodies to the virus could be detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 3 to 4 days earlier than by the standard agar gel immunodiffusion test, and they could be detected more reliably in horses with weak or equivocal agar gel immunodiffusion test reactions. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was also successfully applied to the detection of p26 antigen in tissue culture fluids.
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Publication Date: 1984-03-01 PubMed ID: 6325488PubMed Central: PMC271063DOI: 10.1128/jcm.19.3.351-355.1984Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article presents a study on the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using p26 antigen to detect equine infectious anemia virus antibodies in horses that were naturally or experimentally infected.

Understanding the Research’s Background and Purpose

  • The article discusses a study focused on equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) – a viral disease that affects horses. This virus was detected through the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which utilized a specific protein, known as p26 antigen.
  • The purpose of the study was to develop a more sensitive, specific, and reliable mechanism to early detect the EIAV, as compared to the standard agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID). AGID has been traditionally used to diagnose EIAV infection but has come with its limitations particularly in detecting weak or equivocal reactions.

Details of the Methodology

  • ELISA uses an antigen-antibody reaction to detect specific proteins in a sample. In this study, the researchers developed an ELISA method utilizing purified p26 antigen, a protein found in EIAV. This was used to detect antibodies to EIAV in infected horses.
  • The test applied the p26 antigen to infected and naturally occurring samples to identify the presence of antibodies that are indicative of the EIAV infection.

Findings of the Research

  • The results showed that ELISA was able to detect antibodies to the virus 3 to 4 days earlier than the traditional AGID test. This implies that the test can help save precious time when diagnosing EIAV, thereby improving the chances of a timely treatment.
  • The ELISA test proved to be more reliable in detecting EIAV, especially in horses showing weak or equivocal AGID test reactions.
  • Besides, the developed ELISA test was also found to be effective when applied to the detection of p26 antigen in tissue culture fluids.

Implications of the Study on Equine Health

  • The research findings indicate the potential of the p26 antigen-based ELISA test as a more sensitive and reliable method of detecting EIAV. This can help in early detection and treatment, proving critical in preventing the spread of EIAV, as well as saving equine lives.

Conclusion

  • Overall, the research study presents the effectiveness of the ELISA method in detecting EIAV antibodies, showing that it’s more reliable and faster than the conventional AGID test. The findings may guide future directions in equine disease management and improve overall equine health.

Cite This Article

APA
Shane BS, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC. (1984). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of equine infectious anemia virus p26 antigen and antibody. J Clin Microbiol, 19(3), 351-355. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.19.3.351-355.1984

Publication

Journal of clinical microbiology
ISSN: 0095-1137
NlmUniqueID: 7505564
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 19
Issue: 3
Pages: 351-355

Researcher Affiliations

Shane, B S
    Issel, C J
      Montelaro, R C

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • Antibodies, Viral / analysis
        • Antigens, Viral / analysis
        • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
        • Horses
        • Immunoenzyme Techniques
        • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
        • Rabbits

        Grant Funding

        • AI 17594 / NIAID NIH HHS

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        Citations

        This article has been cited 11 times.
        1. Singha H, Goyal SK, Malik P, Khurana SK, Singh RK. Development, evaluation, and laboratory validation of immunoassays for the diagnosis of equine infectious anemia (EIA) using recombinant protein produced from a synthetic p26 gene of EIA virus. Indian J Virol 2013 Dec;24(3):349-56.
          doi: 10.1007/s13337-013-0149-9pubmed: 24426297google scholar: lookup
        2. Paré J, Simard C. Comparison of commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and agar gel immunodiffusion tests for the serodiagnosis of equine infectious anemia. Can J Vet Res 2004 Oct;68(4):254-8.
          pubmed: 15581219
        3. Jin S, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC. Serological method using recombinant S2 protein to differentiate equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV)-infected and EIAV-vaccinated horses. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2004 Nov;11(6):1120-9.
          doi: 10.1128/CDLI.11.6.1120-1129.2004pubmed: 15539516google scholar: lookup
        4. Sellon DC. Equine infectious anemia. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 1993 Aug;9(2):321-36.
          doi: 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30399-1pubmed: 8395326google scholar: lookup
        5. Sellon DC, Fuller FJ, McGuire TC. The immunopathogenesis of equine infectious anemia virus. Virus Res 1994 May;32(2):111-38.
          doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(94)90038-8pubmed: 8067050google scholar: lookup
        6. dos Reis JK, Melo LM, Rezende MR, Leite RC. Use of an ELISA test in the eradication of an equine infectious anaemia focus. Trop Anim Health Prod 1994 May;26(2):65-8.
          doi: 10.1007/BF02239899pubmed: 7941030google scholar: lookup
        7. Salinovich O, Payne SL, Montelaro RC, Hussain KA, Issel CJ, Schnorr KL. Rapid emergence of novel antigenic and genetic variants of equine infectious anemia virus during persistent infection. J Virol 1986 Jan;57(1):71-80.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.57.1.71-80.1986pubmed: 3001367google scholar: lookup
        8. Archambault D, Wang ZM, Lacal JC, Gazit A, Yaniv A, Dahlberg JE, Tronick SR. Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for equine infectious anemia virus detection using recombinant Pr55gag. J Clin Microbiol 1989 Jun;27(6):1167-73.
          doi: 10.1128/jcm.27.6.1167-1173.1989pubmed: 2546970google scholar: lookup
        9. Chong YH, Ball JM, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC, Rushlow KE. Analysis of equine humoral immune responses to the transmembrane envelope glycoprotein (gp45) of equine infectious anemia virus. J Virol 1991 Feb;65(2):1013-8.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.65.2.1013-1018.1991pubmed: 1846180google scholar: lookup
        10. Chong YH, Payne SL, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC, Rushlow KE. Characterization of the antigenic domains of the major core protein (p26) of equine infectious anemia virus. J Virol 1991 Feb;65(2):1007-12.
          doi: 10.1128/JVI.65.2.1007-1012.1991pubmed: 1702839google scholar: lookup
        11. Wang J, Qiu J, Wang M, Wu X, Li X, Zhang H. Development of a colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip to detect equine infectious anemia virus. Virol J 2025 Jun 24;22(1):205.
          doi: 10.1186/s12985-025-02815-6pubmed: 40555999google scholar: lookup
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