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Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2022; 11(8); 876; doi: 10.3390/pathogens11080876

Equid Alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) Influences Morphology and Function of Neuronal Mitochondria In Vitro.

Abstract: Mitochondria are key cellular organelles responsible for many essential functions, including ATP production, ion homeostasis and apoptosis induction. Recent studies indicate their significant role during viral infection. In the present study, we examined the effects of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) infection on the morphology and mitochondrial function in primary murine neurons in vitro. We used three EHV-1 strains: two non-neuropathogenic (Jan-E and Rac-H) and one neuropathogenic (EHV-1 26). The organization of the mitochondrial network during EHV-1 infection was assessed by immunofluorescence. To access mitochondrial function, we analyzed reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitophagy, mitochondrial inner-membrane potential, mitochondrial mass, and mitochondrial genes' expression. Changes in mitochondria morphology during infection suggested importance of their perinuclear localization for EHV-1 replication. Despite these changes, mitochondrial functions were preserved. For all tested EHV-1 strains, the similarities in the increased fold expression were detected only for , and . For non-neuropathogenic strains (Jan-E and Rac-H), we detected mainly changes in the expression of genes related to mitochondrial morphology and transport. The results indicate that mitochondria play an important role during EHV-1 replication in cultured neurons and undergo specific morphological and functional modifications.
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Publication Date: 2022-08-03 PubMed ID: 36014997PubMed Central: PMC9414512DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080876Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates how the equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) affects the shape and function of neurons’ mitochondria. Despite these changes, the mitochondria’s functions are preserved, indicating their importance during virus replication in neuron cultures.

Objective and Methodology

  • The main goal of the study was to understand how the equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) affects the morphology (structure) and functionality of mitochondria in primary murine neurons.
  • The researchers used three strains of EHV-1 for their exploration: two were non-neuropathogenic (Jan-E and Rac-H), and one was neuropathogenic (EHV-1 26).
  • The organization of mitochondrial networks during EHV-1 infection was assessed through immunofluorescence, a technique used to visualize specific proteins inside cells using antibodies that are chemically linked to a fluorescent dye.
  • The researchers also analyzed various aspects of mitochondrial function like reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, autophagy or mitophagy (self-eating of the mitochondria), mitochondrial inner-membrane potential, the mass of mitochondria, as well as the expression levels of genes influencing these functions.

Key Findings

  • The study found that mitochondria display notable changes in their structure during EHV-1 infection. It was observed that mitochondria often localized around the nucleus of infected cells. The researchers suggest that this change might be significant to the replication process of EHV-1.
  • Despite the alterations in mitochondrial morphology, their functions were not severely impacted. This led the researchers to conclude that mitochondria play a critical role during EHV-1 replication in neurons, even when their structure is altered by the infection.
  • The researchers found similar increased expression in three mitochondrial genes, indicating that some genetic changes at the mitochondrial level are affecting their function and structure during EHV-1 infection.
  • Distinct changes in gene expression related to mitochondrial shape and transport were observed particularly for the non-neuropathogenic strains (Jan-E and Rac-H).

Implication of the Research

  • The findings confirm an essential role for mitochondria during EHV-1 replication in neuron cultures. Even when the virus alters their structure, mitochondria continue to carry out their functions, making them a fundamental part of the cell’s defense against the virus.
  • The study brings new insights into how viruses affect cellular structures and functionalities. This knowledge could potentially lead to the development of new treatment strategies targeting mitochondria.

Cite This Article

APA
Chodkowski M, Słońska A, Gregorczyk-Zboroch K, Nowak-Zyczynska Z, Golke A, Krzyżowska M, Bańbura MW, Cymerys J. (2022). Equid Alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) Influences Morphology and Function of Neuronal Mitochondria In Vitro. Pathogens, 11(8), 876. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080876

Publication

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-0817
NlmUniqueID: 101596317
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 8
PII: 876

Researcher Affiliations

Chodkowski, Marcin
  • Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
  • Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland.
Słońska, Anna
  • Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
Gregorczyk-Zboroch, Karolina
  • Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
Nowak-Zyczynska, Zuzanna
  • Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Faculty of Animal Breeding, Bioengineering and Conservation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
Golke, Anna
  • Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
Krzyżowska, Małgorzata
  • Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland.
Bańbura, Marcin W
  • Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
Cymerys, Joanna
  • Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Ayyubova G, Bablu FE, Rahimli N, Aghayeva L, Springer EM, Alghenaim FA, Suzuki YJ. Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Relationships Between Viral Infections and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2026 Jan 3;15(1).
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