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Equine bone marrow aspirate and bone marrow aspirate concentrate are enriched with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein.
Abstract: To analyze the cellular, growth factor, and cytokine composition of equine sternal bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and laboratory-centrifuged BMA concentrate (BMAC). Unassigned: This was an in vitro experimental study. Cellular composition, growth factors (IGF-I, VEGF, PDGF, TGF-β1), and cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-1 receptor antagonist protein [IL-1Ra]) were quantified using a standard automated hematology analyzer and ELISA methods, respectively, in donor-matched BMA, BMAC (in-house centrifugation protocol), whole blood, and platelet-rich plasma (E-PET; Pall Inc) prepared from 25 horses from 2016 through 2020. Unassigned: Leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and thrombocytes were increased 4.1-, 3.4-, 4.6-, 4.4-, and 2.5-fold in BMAC compared to BMA, respectively. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein of BMAC was increased 21-fold compared to BMA and increased 117-fold compared to gravity filtration system-based, leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma. Unassigned: Laboratory centrifugation enriches the cellular and IL-1Ra concentrations of equine BMAC compared to BMA, with no significant changes in IGF-I, VEGF, PDGF, TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-10, or TNF-α concentrations. Unassigned: Equine BMA and BMAC are patient-side biologics enriched with anti-inflammatory IL-1Ra and support further evaluation of equine BMAC for musculoskeletal tissue healing.
Publication Date: 2025-02-27 PubMed ID: 40015242DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.24.12.0380Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
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The study investigates the components of horse bone marrow extract and concentrated bone marrow aspirate to determine their cellular, growth factor, and cytokine compositions. It identifies that these substances show signs of being enriched with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1Ra), a protein with anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting potential applications in musculoskeletal healing.
Research Methods and Materials
- The researchers conducted an in vitro (lab-based) experimental study applying a standard automated hematology analyzer and ELISA methods to measure cellular composition, growth factors, and cytokine levels.
- The samples used for the experiment included bone marrow aspirate (BMA), BMA concentrate (BMAC) prepared via in-house centrifugation protocol, whole blood, and platelet-rich plasma collected from 25 horses over a period from 2016 to 2020.
Findings
- The cellular counts for leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and thrombocytes were found to be higher in BMAC compared to BMA.
- IL-1Ra levels were significantly enriched in BMAC, showing a 21-fold increase compared to BMA and an impressive 117-fold increase compared to a gravity filtration system-based, leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma.
- Contrarily, there were no significant changes observed in the concentrations of Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α).
Conclusions
- The study concludes that laboratory centrifugation enriches both cellular and IL-1Ra concentrations in BMAC compared to BMA.
- The presence of the anti-inflammatory IL-1Ra in rich amounts in both horse bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and concentrated BMA (BMAC) suggests potential use for these substances in promoting healing in musculoskeletal tissues.
Cite This Article
APA
Long S, Maleas G, Belacic ZA, Quam VG, Durgam S.
(2025).
Equine bone marrow aspirate and bone marrow aspirate concentrate are enriched with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein.
Am J Vet Res, 86(5).
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.12.0380 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
- Equuria GbR Equine Orthopedics, Emstek, Germany.
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Horses
- Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / metabolism
- Bone Marrow / metabolism
- Cytokines / metabolism
- Bone Marrow Cells
- Male
- Female
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Najeb M, Samy A, Rizk A, Mosbah E, Karrouf G. Regenerative biologics modulating inflammation and promoting tenogenesis in equine superficial digital flexor tendonitis: from molecular pathways to clinical translation. Ir Vet J 2025 Sep 17;78(1):21.
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