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Influenza and other respiratory viruses2010; 4(6); 339-344; doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2010.00176.x

Equine influenza – surveillance and control.

Abstract: Equine influenza virus (EIV) is considered the most important respiratory virus of horses because it is highly contagious and has the potential to disrupt major equestrian events. Equine influenza (EI) can be controlled by vaccination but it has been demonstrated repeatedly in the field that antigenic drift impacts on vaccine efficacy. EI surveillance maintains awareness of emergence and international spread of antigenic variants. It not only serves as an early warning system for horse owners, trainers and veterinary clinicians but is fundamental to influenza control programmes based on vaccination. Data on outbreaks of EI and strain characterisation is reviewed annually by an Expert Surveillance Panel (ESP) including representatives from OIE and WHO. This panel makes recommendations on the need to update vaccines based on analysis of evidence of disease in well vaccinated horses, antigenic changes, genetic changes and when possible, experimental challenge data. However, the disparity in the level of surveillance and virus collection in different countries results in potentially biased information about the relative prevalence of different viruses. There is a need for increased surveillance on a global level and a greater awareness of the benefits of updating the vaccines. The vaccine companies have traditionally been slow to respond to the ESP recommendations. Veterinary clinicians have a major role to play in purchasing vaccines with epidemiologically relevant strains and promoting their benefits to their clients.
© 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2010-10-21 PubMed ID: 20958927PubMed Central: PMC4634605DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2010.00176.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article discusses the constant threat posed by Equine Influenza Virus (EIV) to horses and the mechanisms in place for its surveillance and control. It highlights the role of vaccines in controlling EIV and the challenges posed by antigenic drift which affects the efficacy of such vaccines. The article emphasizes the need for a more globally coordinated approach for surveillance and data collection, and stresses the need for prompt action by vaccine companies on expert recommendations for vaccine updates.

Understanding Equine Influenza

  • The research paper revolves around Equine Influenza Virus (EIV), a highly contagious respiratory virus that significantly affects horses. Despite being managed through vaccination, the virus subtly changes its structures – a phenomenon known as antigenic drift – which reduces the effectiveness of the vaccines.
  • Regular monitoring or surveillance is critical to track the emergence of new virus variants and their global spread. The surveillance system aids in providing early warnings to the owners and veterinary doctors about potential threats. It also forms the backbone of influenza control programs centered around vaccination.

Role of the Expert Surveillance Panel

  • A panel of experts, including representatives from The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and World Health Organization (WHO), review data on EIV outbreaks and the characteristics of the causing strains.
  • Based on the evidence gathered about the disease in vaccinated horses, antigenic and genetic changes, and experimental challenge data (if available), the panel provides recommendations on changes needed in vaccine composition.

Disparities in Surveillance and Need for Global Cooperation

  • The research paper underscores that the level of surveillance and virus information collection varies greatly among countries, leading to biased data about the relative prevalence of different viruses.
  • It also emphasizes the need for increased global cooperation in data collection and surveillance, and greater accountability in updating vaccines for significant benefits.

Responsibility of Vaccine Companies and Veterinarians

  • The paper outlines that vaccine manufacturing companies have often been slow in responding to the recommendations made by the Expert Surveillance Panel.
  • It suggests that veterinarians have a crucial role in adopting vaccines that have strains relevant to the current epidemiological situation and communicating their benefits to their clients to control the spread of EIV more effectively.

Cite This Article

APA
Cullinane A, Elton D, Mumford J. (2010). Equine influenza – surveillance and control. Influenza Other Respir Viruses, 4(6), 339-344. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-2659.2010.00176.x

Publication

Influenza and other respiratory viruses
ISSN: 1750-2659
NlmUniqueID: 101304007
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 4
Issue: 6
Pages: 339-344

Researcher Affiliations

Cullinane, Ann
  • Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland. acullinane@equine-centre.ie
Elton, Debra
    Mumford, Jenny

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Disease Outbreaks
      • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
      • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
      • Horse Diseases / virology
      • Horses
      • Influenza Vaccines / administration & dosage
      • Influenza Vaccines / immunology
      • Orthomyxoviridae / classification
      • Orthomyxoviridae / immunology
      • Orthomyxoviridae / isolation & purification
      • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / epidemiology
      • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
      • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
      • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
      • Sentinel Surveillance / veterinary

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