[Equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (EME), a review].

The research article provides a comprehensive review of a disease in horses known as equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (EME). This disease is caused by the Rickettsia Ehrlichia risticii bacterium and has been identified in the USA, Canada, and Europe. The study discusses the symptoms, complications, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of EME.

Disease Background and Prevalence

• The research indicates that equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (EME) is prevalent in North America and parts of Europe. This is based on the serological surveys conducted across these regions.
• The disease is caused by the bacterial species Rickettsia Ehrlichia risticii. This bacterium was first isolated and identified as the cause of EME in 1984.

Clinical Manifestations

• Equine monocytic ehrlichiosis manifests clinically in horses through various symptoms. These symptoms include sluggishness, anorexia, colic, and fever.
• In some cases, the disease may progress to cause watery diarrhoea.

Complications of EME

• Infected horses can experience further complications. An acute inflammation of the laminae in the hoof, known as laminitis, can occur due to the disease.
• Also, EME can cause abortion in mares, posing significant reproductive issues.
• At autopsy, colitis of the ascending colon may be observed as a result of E. risticii infection.

Diagnosis and Treatment

• Diagnosis of EME relies on positive serological testing. The research uses the IgM ELISA serological test for identifying cases of EME.
• Upon confirmation of EME, treatment can commence with a course of oxytetracycline. This antibiotic is effective against the R. Ehrlichia risticii bacterium.
• The study also highlights the importance of restoring the horse’s fluid and electrolyte balance. This is done through infusion therapies alongside antibiotic treatment.

Prevention

• Prevention of EME is primarily through vaccination. Vaccines can provide horses with immunity against the R. Ehrlichia risticii bacterium, considerably reducing the risk of EME.