Equine penile squamous cell carcinomas are associated with the presence of equine papillomavirus type 2 DNA sequences.
Abstract: Forty cases of equine penile disease were screened with polymerase chain reaction for the presence of papillomaviral DNA. Cases consisted of 20 squamous cell carcinomas (average age of horse, 23.9 years) and 20 non-squamous cell carcinoma diseases (average age of horse, 13.3 years). All horses but one originated from the Northeastern United States. Breeds were not recorded. As based on MY09/MY11 consensus primers, DNA sequences from equine papillomavirus type 2 were amplified from 9 of 20 horses (45%) with penile squamous cell carcinoma and only 1 of 20 horses (5%) with non-squamous cell carcinoma penile disease. Equine papillomavirus type 2 DNA was the only papillomaviral DNA amplified from any of the 40 horses. Tissues from the 10 horses in which papillomaviral DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction were also screened with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The presence of papillomavirus was demonstrated in a subset of these by in situ hybridization (6 of 10) and immunohistochemistry (1 of 10). This report describes a possible association between equine penile squamous cell carcinomas and equine papillomavirus type 2. This study is also the first report of equine papillomavirus type 2 infection in North American horses.
Publication Date: 2011-01-31 PubMed ID: 21282669DOI: 10.1177/0300985810396516Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research paper discusses a potential connection between equine penile squamous cell carcinomas (a type of horse penile cancer) and the presence of equine papillomavirus type 2, based on a study involving forty horses from the northeastern United States.
Study Methodology
- The researchers studied forty cases of equine penile disease – 20 were squamous cell carcinomas (with an average age of 23.9 years) and 20 were non-squamous cell carcinomas (average age 13.3 years).
- The Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to screen for the presence of papillomaviral DNA in all the cases. The PCR process was specifically targeted at equine papillomavirus type 2 using MY09/MY11 consensus primers.
Study Findings
- Equine papillomavirus type 2 DNA sequences were amplified from 9 out of 20 horses (45%) with squamous cell carcinoma, and only 1 out of 20 horses (5%) with non-squamous cell carcinoma penile disease.
- The equine papillomavirus type 2 DNA was the only papillomaviral DNA that was amplified from any of the forty horses involved in the study.
Additional Testing and Results
- The tissues from the ten horses where papillomavirus DNA was detected were also subjected to further testing using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry methods.
- Based on in situ hybridization, the presence of papillomavirus was demonstrated in 6 out of the 10 horses, whereas the immunohistochemistry confirmed its presence in just 1 out of the 10 horses.
Significance and Novelty of the Study
- This report suggests a possible association between equine penile squamous cell carcinomas and equine papillomavirus type 2.
- This is also the first study to report the infection of equine papillomavirus type 2 in North American horses. This finding expands the knowledge regarding geographical distribution and disease prevalence of this type of papillomavirus.
Cite This Article
APA
Knight CG, Munday JS, Peters J, Dunowska M.
(2011).
Equine penile squamous cell carcinomas are associated with the presence of equine papillomavirus type 2 DNA sequences.
Vet Pathol, 48(6), 1190-1194.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985810396516 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand. c.knight@massey.ac.nz
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / veterinary
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / virology
- DNA Primers / genetics
- DNA, Viral / analysis
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- In Situ Hybridization / veterinary
- Male
- Papillomaviridae / genetics
- Papillomaviridae / isolation & purification
- Papillomavirus Infections / pathology
- Papillomavirus Infections / veterinary
- Papillomavirus Infections / virology
- Penile Neoplasms / pathology
- Penile Neoplasms / veterinary
- Penile Neoplasms / virology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
- Retrospective Studies
- Tumor Virus Infections / pathology
- Tumor Virus Infections / veterinary
- Tumor Virus Infections / virology
Citations
This article has been cited 17 times.- Miglinci L, Reicher P, Nell B, Koch M, Jindra C, Brandt S. Detection of Equine Papillomaviruses and Gamma-Herpesviruses in Equine Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pathogens 2023 Jan 23;12(2).
- Cappelli K, Ciucis CG, Mecocci S, Nervo T, Crescio MI, Pepe M, Gialletti R, Pietrucci D, Migone LF, Turco S, Mechelli L, Passamonti F, Drago C, Donato GG, Varello K, Modesto P, Chillemi G, Ghelardi A, Razzuoli E. Detection of Equus Caballus Papillomavirus Type-2 in Asymptomatic Italian Horses. Viruses 2022 Jul 31;14(8).
- da Silva TRO, Gonçalves PNC, Marcus VB, Mucellini CI, Dos Santos IR, Kommers G, Driemeier D, Flores EF, Cargnelutti JF, Flores MM. Detection of Equus caballus papillomavirus-2 in equine penile/preputial papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas in southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2022 Sep;53(3):1707-1713.
- Ramsauer AS, Wachoski-Dark GL, Fraefel C, Ackermann M, Brandt S, Grest P, Knight CG, Favrot C, Tobler K. Establishment of a Three-Dimensional In Vitro Model of Equine Papillomavirus Type 2 Infection. Viruses 2021 Jul 19;13(7).
- Medeiros-Fonseca B, Cubilla A, Brito H, Martins T, Medeiros R, Oliveira P, Gil da Costa RM. Experimental Models for Studying HPV-Positive and HPV-Negative Penile Cancer: New Tools for An Old Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2021 Jan 26;13(3).
- Munday JS, Hardcastle MR, Sim M. Detection of a Putative Novel Papillomavirus Type within a Large Exophytic Papilloma on the Fetlock of a Horse. Pathogens 2020 Oct 5;9(10).
- Arthurs C, Suarez-Bonnet A, Willis C, Xie B, Machulla N, Mair TS, Cao K, Millar M, Thrasivoulou C, Priestnall SL, Ahmed A. Equine penile squamous cell carcinoma: expression of biomarker proteins and EcPV2. Sci Rep 2020 May 12;10(1):7863.
- Alloway E, Linder K, May S, Rose T, DeLay J, Bender S, Tucker A, Luff J. A Subset of Equine Gastric Squamous Cell Carcinomas Is Associated With Equus Caballus Papillomavirus-2 Infection. Vet Pathol 2020 May;57(3):427-431.
- Ramsauer AS, Wachoski-Dark GL, Fraefel C, Tobler K, Brandt S, Knight CG, Favrot C, Grest P. Paving the way for more precise diagnosis of EcPV2-associated equine penile lesions. BMC Vet Res 2019 Oct 22;15(1):356.
- Yamashita-Kawanishi N, Tsuzuki M, Wei Z, Kok MK, Ishiyama D, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Dong J, Shimakura H, Haga T. Identification of bovine papillomavirus type 1 and 2 from bovine anogenital fibropapillomas. J Vet Med Sci 2019 Jul 19;81(7):1000-1005.
- Dunowska M, Munday JS, Laurie RE, Hills SF. Genomic characterisation of Felis catus papillomavirus 4, a novel papillomavirus detected in the oral cavity of a domestic cat. Virus Genes 2014 Feb;48(1):111-9.
- Bergin IL, Bell JD, Chen Z, Zochowski MK, Chai D, Schmidt K, Culmer DL, Aronoff DM, Patton DL, Mwenda JM, Wood CE, Burk RD. Novel genital alphapapillomaviruses in baboons (Papio hamadryas anubis) with cervical dysplasia. Vet Pathol 2013 Jan;50(1):200-8.
- Quatember H, Nell B, Richter B, Rigler D, Dolezal M, Sykora S, Wallner B. Studying the Impact of the DDB2 T338M Missense Mutation on the Development of Equine Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Sarcoid. Animals (Basel) 2025 Mar 22;15(7).
- Uchida-Fujii E, Kato Y, Ueno T, Numasawa Y, Yusa S, Haga T. Histopathological and Virological Findings of a Penile Papilloma in a Japanese Stallion with Equus Caballus Papillomavirus 2 (EcPV2). Pathogens 2024 Jul 19;13(7).
- Tuomisto L, Virtanen J, Kegler K, Levanov L, Sukura A, Sironen T, Kareskoski M. Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2)-associated benign penile lesions and squamous cell carcinomas. Vet Med Sci 2024 Jan;10(1):e1342.
- Luff J, Weingart S, May S, Murphy B. A subset of equine oral squamous cell carcinomas is associated with Equus caballus papillomavirus 2 infection. J Comp Pathol 2023 Aug;205:1-6.
- Munday JS, Knight CG, Luff JA. Papillomaviral skin diseases of humans, dogs, cats and horses: A comparative review. Part 2: Pre-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases. Vet J 2022 Oct;288:105898.
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