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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Intern Med / Evaluation of a continuous glucose monitoring system in neon...
Journal of veterinary internal medicine2021; 35(4); 1995-2001; doi: 10.1111/jvim.16186

Evaluation of a continuous glucose monitoring system in neonatal foals.

Abstract: Monitoring blood glucose concentrations is common in critically ill neonatal foals, especially septic foals and those receiving naso-esophageal feedings or IV parenteral nutrition. Glucose typically is measured using a point-of-care (POC) glucometer but requires repeated restraint and blood collections, which may cause irritation at venipuncture sites and increased demands on nursing staff. Continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMS) may provide an accurate alternative for monitoring blood glucose concentration. Objective: To determine the correlation and accuracy of a CGMS to monitor neonatal foals' blood glucose concentrations as compared to a POC glucometer and laboratory chemistry analysis (CHEM). Methods: Samples from 4 healthy and 4 ill neonatal foals. Methods: A CGMS was placed on each foal, and glucose measurements acquired from this device were compared to simultaneous measurements of blood glucose concentration using a POC glucometer and CHEM. Results: Two-hundred matched glucose measurements were collected from 8 neonatal foals. The mean bias (95% limits of agreement) between CGMS and CHEM, CGMS and POC glucometer, and POC glucometer and CHEM was 3.97 mg/dL (-32.5 to 40.4), 18.2 mg/dL (-28.8 to 65.2), and 22.18 mg/dL (-9.3 to 53.67), respectively. The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was significantly correlated among all devices: GCMS and CHEM (r = 0.81), CGMS and POC glucometer (r = 0.77) and POC glucometer-CHEM (r = 0.92). Conclusions: Within the blood glucose concentration ranges in this study (78-212 mg/dL), CGMS measurements were significantly correlated with CHEM, suggesting that it is an acceptable method to provide meaningful, immediate, and continuous glucose concentration measurements in neonatal foals while eliminating the need for repeated restraint and blood collection.
© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2021-06-06 PubMed ID: 34096103PubMed Central: PMC8295665DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16186Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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This study evaluates the accuracy and correlation of a Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS) for monitoring blood glucose levels in newborn foals when compared to a Point-of-Care (POC) glucometer and standard laboratory chemistry analysis (CHEM). The results reveal that CGMS provides significantly correlated and meaningful glucose concentration measurements, indicating its suitability for use in neonatal foals and eliminating the need for repeated collections of blood samples.

Objective and Importance of the Study

  • Critical care of neonatal foals, especially those with sepsis or receiving naso-esophageal feedings or intravenous parenteral nutrition, frequently requires the monitoring of blood glucose concentration.
  • Traditionally, a POC glucometer is used for this purpose, but it demands the repeated restraint of the foal and collection of blood, causing potential discomfort and increasing nursing staff workload.
  • Continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMS) present a potential alternative for accurately monitoring glucose levels, reducing the aforementioned issues related to traditional glucometers.
  • The study’s objective was to evaluate the accuracy and correlation of a CGMS in comparison to a POC glucometer and standard laboratory chemistry analysis (CHEM) when monitoring blood glucose levels in neonatal foals.

Methodology and Study Sample

  • A total of eight neonatal foals, comprising both healthy and ill foals, were chosen for the study.
  • A CGMS was placed on each foal and the glucose measurements from the device were made concurrently with measurements on a POC glucometer and CHEM to compare them.

Findings and Results

  • Totally, 200 matching glucose measurements were gathered from the eight neonatal foals.
  • The average deviation (bias) between CGMS and CHEM was 3.97 mg/dL, between CGMS and POC glucometer was 18.2 mg/dL, and between POC glucometer and CHEM was 22.18 mg/dL.
  • The Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r), which determines the statistical relationship between two variables, displayed a significant correlation among all devices: CGMS and CHEM (r = 0.81), CGMS and POC glucometer (r = 0.77), and POC glucometer and CHEM (r = 0.92).

Conclusions

  • Within the glucose concentration ranges reported in the study (78-212 mg/dL), the CGMS measurements displayed a significant correlation with the CHEM analysis.
  • This suggests that the CGMS is a suitable method of obtaining continuous, meaningful glucose concentration measurements in neonatal foals. It also eliminates the requirement for repeated restraint and blood collection, thereby improving animal welfare and reducing staff workload.

Cite This Article

APA
Wong D, Malik C, Dembek K, Estell K, Marchitello M, Wilson K. (2021). Evaluation of a continuous glucose monitoring system in neonatal foals. J Vet Intern Med, 35(4), 1995-2001. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16186

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 35
Issue: 4
Pages: 1995-2001

Researcher Affiliations

Wong, David
  • Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
Malik, Caitlin
  • Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
Dembek, Katarzyna
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Estell, Krista
  • Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
Marchitello, Megan
  • Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
Wilson, Katie
  • Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Blood Glucose
  • Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / veterinary
  • Glucose
  • Horses
  • Monitoring, Physiologic / veterinary
  • Point-of-Care Systems

Grant Funding

  • Ace Construction

Conflict of Interest Statement

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Dias Moreira AS, Weng HY, Hostnik LD, Beasley EM, Peek SF, Munsterman AS. Evaluation of point-of-care capillary and venous blood glucose concentrations in hospitalized neonatal foals. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2024 Nov-Dec;34(6):570-578.
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