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Evaluation of clinical characteristics, diagnostic test results, and outcome in horses with internal infection caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: 30 cases (1995-2003).
Abstract: To determine clinical signs, results of diagnostic testing, and outcome in horses with internal Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection. Methods: Retrospective study. Methods: 30 horses. Methods: Information pertaining to clinical data, results of diagnostic tests, and costs of hospitalization and treatment was extracted from medical records of affected horses. Results: Internal C. pseudotuberculosis infection was diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs, diagnostic imaging, and clinicopathologic data, including results of serologic tests and bacterial culture. The most common clinical signs were concurrent external abscesses, anorexia, fever, lethargy, weight loss, and signs of respiratory tract disease or abdominal pain. Clinicopathologic abnormalities included a geometric mean reciprocal serum synergistic hemolysin inhibition titer > or = 512, leukocytosis with neutrophilia, hyperglobulinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, and anemia. Specific organ involvement was diagnosed in 27 of 30 horses. Affected organs included the liver (18 horses), lungs (12), kidneys (7), and spleen (3); multiple organs were affected in 10 horses. Treatment with antimicrobials for a median of 36 days (range, 7 to 97 days) was usually successful, yielding an overall survival rate of 71%. Conclusions: Early diagnosis and long-term antimicrobial treatment were important for a successful outcome in horses with internal C. pseudotuberculosis infection. Ultrasonographic imaging was an important technique for identifying specific organs affected, aiding in obtaining samples for a definitive diagnosis, and monitoring response to treatment. Pregnant mares with internal infections are at risk for fetal loss. Preexisting chronic organ disease may be associated with a poor prognosis.
Publication Date: 2005-08-27 PubMed ID: 16121612DOI: 10.2460/javma.2005.227.441Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research investigates the clinical signs, diagnostic results, and outcomes in horses infected with internal Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. It highlights that early diagnosis and long-term antibiotic treatment are key for positive outcomes, and that ultrasound techniques can be useful in identifying affected organs and monitoring treatment response.
Methods
- The study is a retrospective one that involved 30 horses diagnosed with an internal infection of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.
- The researchers used medical records to extract information regarding clinical data, results from diagnostic tests, and costs related to hospitalization and treatment.
Results
- The most common clinical signs observed were concurrent external abscesses, anorexia, fever, lethargy, weight loss, signs of respiratory tract disease, or abdominal pain.
- Abnormalities noticed in clinicopathologic results included high reciprocal serum synergistic hemolysin inhibition titer, leukocytosis with neutrophilia, hyperglobulinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, and anemia.
- Specific organ involvement was evident in 27 out of 30 horses, with the liver being the most common, followed by lungs, kidneys, and spleen. Multiple organ involvement was noted in 10 horses.
- Overall, treatment with antimicrobials for a median of 36 days was usually successful, leading to an overall survival rate of 71%.
Conclusions
- Early diagnosis and long-term treatment with antibiotics are instrumental for a successful outcome in horses with internal Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection.
- Ultrasonography played a significant role in determining specific organ involvement, aiding in deriving samples for definitive diagnosis, and for monitoring progress during treatment.
- Pregnant horses with this internal infection were found to be at a higher risk of losing their foetus.
- Pre-existing chronic organ disease may have an association with poor prognosis.
Cite This Article
APA
Pratt SM, Spier SJ, Carroll SP, Vaughan B, Whitcomb MB, Wilson WD.
(2005).
Evaluation of clinical characteristics, diagnostic test results, and outcome in horses with internal infection caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: 30 cases (1995-2003).
J Am Vet Med Assoc, 227(3), 441-448.
https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2005.227.441 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
- Chronic Disease
- Corynebacterium Infections / diagnosis
- Corynebacterium Infections / drug therapy
- Corynebacterium Infections / veterinary
- Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis / isolation & purification
- Female
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / diagnostic imaging
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horses
- Male
- Organ Specificity
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / diagnosis
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / drug therapy
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / veterinary
- Prognosis
- Retrospective Studies
- Treatment Outcome
- Ultrasonography
Citations
This article has been cited 13 times.- Li H, Zhang X, Zhao Q, Bai X, Wang S. Assessment of Clinical Diagnostic Efficacy of Pulmonary Function Test Based on DBN-SVM of Pediatric Asthma and Cough Variant Asthma. Comput Intell Neurosci 2022;2022:1182114.
- Schlicher J, Schmitt S, Stevens MJA, Stephan R, Ghielmetti G. Molecular Characterization of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Isolated over a 15-Year Period in Switzerland. Vet Sci 2021 Jul 30;8(8).
- Pye J, Galuppo L, Whitcomb MB, Clothier K, Byrne B. Isolation of Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus from an abdominal abscess in an adult mare. Can Vet J 2020 Dec;61(12):1307-1311.
- Oliveira A, Oliveira LC, Aburjaile F, Benevides L, Tiwari S, Jamal SB, Silva A, Figueiredo HCP, Ghosh P, Portela RW, De Carvalho Azevedo VA, Wattam AR. Insight of Genus Corynebacterium: Ascertaining the Role of Pathogenic and Non-pathogenic Species. Front Microbiol 2017;8:1937.
- Almeida S, Dorneles EMS, Diniz C, Abreu V, Sousa C, Alves J, Carneiro A, Bagano P, Spier S, Barh D, Lage AP, Figueiredo H, Azevedo V. Quadruplex PCR assay for identification of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis differentiating biovar Ovis and Equi. BMC Vet Res 2017 Sep 25;13(1):290.
- Almeida S, Sousa C, Abreu V, Diniz C, Dorneles EM, Lage AP, Barh D, Azevedo V. Exploration of Nitrate Reductase Metabolic Pathway in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Int J Genomics 2017;2017:9481756.
- Selim SA, Mohamed FH, Hessain AM, Moussa IM. Immunological characterization of diphtheria toxin recovered from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016 Mar;23(2):282-7.
- Boysen C, Davis EG, Beard LA, Lubbers BV, Raghavan RK. Bayesian Geostatistical Analysis and Ecoclimatic Determinants of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Infection among Horses. PLoS One 2015;10(10):e0140666.
- Barba M, Stewart AJ, Passler T, Wooldridge AA, van Santen E, Chamorro MF, Cattley RC, Hathcock T, Hogsette JA, Hu XP. Experimental transmission of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis biovar equi in horses by house flies. J Vet Intern Med 2015 Mar-Apr;29(2):636-43.
- Rhodes DM, Magdesian KG, Byrne BA, Kass PH, Edman J, Spier SJ. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of equine Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolates (1996-2012). J Vet Intern Med 2015 Jan;29(1):327-32.
- Dorneles EM, Santana JA, Ribeiro D, Dorella FA, Guimarães AS, Moawad MS, Selim SA, Garaldi AL, Miyoshi A, Ribeiro MG, Gouveia AM, Azevedo V, Heinemann MB, Lage AP. Evaluation of ERIC-PCR as genotyping method for Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolates. PLoS One 2014;9(6):e98758.
- Torres Lde F, Ribeiro D, Hirata R Jr, Pacheco LG, Souza MC, dos Santos LS, dos Santos CS, Salah M, Costa MM, Ribeiro MG, Selim SA, Azevedo VA, Mattos-Guaraldi AL. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction to identify and determine the toxigenicity of Corynebacterium spp with zoonotic potential and an overview of human and animal infections. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2013 May;108(3):272-9.
- Soares SC, Silva A, Trost E, Blom J, Ramos R, Carneiro A, Ali A, Santos AR, Pinto AC, Diniz C, Barbosa EG, Dorella FA, Aburjaile F, Rocha FS, Nascimento KK, Guimarães LC, Almeida S, Hassan SS, Bakhtiar SM, Pereira UP, Abreu VA, Schneider MP, Miyoshi A, Tauch A, Azevedo V. The pan-genome of the animal pathogen Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis reveals differences in genome plasticity between the biovar ovis and equi strains. PLoS One 2013;8(1):e53818.
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