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Infection and immunity1972; 5(5); 750-756; doi: 10.1128/iai.5.5.750-756.1972

Experimental infection of horses with an attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis vaccine (strain TC-83).

Abstract: Ten horses (Equus caballus) were vaccinated with strain TC-83 Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus vaccine. Febrile responses and leukopenia due to a reduction of lymphocytes and neutrophils were observed in all animals. Viremias were demonstrable in eight horses, with a maximum of 10(3.5) median tissue culture infectious dose units per ml of serum in two horses. Clinical illness with depression and anorexia were observed in five horses. Neutralizing (N), hemagglutination-inhibiting, and complement-fixing antibodies to the vaccine virus were demonstrable by 5, 6.5, and 7 days, respectively, after vaccination. Differential titrations of serum to six VEE strains revealed high titers of N antibody to vaccine virus, moderate titers to the epizootic Trinidad donkey no. 1 strain (VEE antigenic subtype I, variant A) from which TC-83 was derived, and low titers to two other epizootic strains (subtype I, variants B and C) in all horses at 1 month after vaccination; some animals responded with low levels of N antibody to the enzootic viruses (subtype I, variants D and E). Fourteen months after vaccination, six animals with detectable N antibody were challenged with MF-8 (subtype I, variant B), an epidemic-epizootic strain isolated in 1969 from a man in Honduras. All horses resisted challenge with the equine pathogenic strain of VEE. Marked increases of N antibody in most horses were demonstrable to some VEE strains when tested 1 month after challenge.
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Publication Date: 1972-05-01 PubMed ID: 4637604PubMed Central: PMC422435DOI: 10.1128/iai.5.5.750-756.1972Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article presents a study on the effects of the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus vaccine strain TC-83 on ten horses. The researchers found that all horses exhibited fever and leukopenia, and most had viremias post-vaccination. Nevertheless, the salient result is that all horses developed immunity and resisted a subsequent challenge with another VEE strain.

Introduction

  • The study focuses on the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus, a mosquito-borne virus affecting horses and potentially causing neurological disease in humans.
  • The authors aim to test how a strain TC-83 VEE vaccine affects horses, and whether it can effectively stimulate immunity against subsequent VEE virus challenges.

Experiment

  • The authors vaccinated ten horses with the VEE TC-83 strain vaccine.
  • Following vaccination, they noted that all horses exhibited febrile responses (fever) and leukopenia, a decrease in the number of white blood cells, attributed to reduced lymphocytes and neutrophils.
  • Viremias (presences of virus in the blood stream) were reported in eight horses.
  • Clinical illness presenting as depression and anorexia were observed in five horses.

Immunity Response

  • Neutralizing antibodies to the vaccine virus in the horses were identified by day five after vaccination. These antibodies help protect against the virus by neutralizing its effects.
  • Additionally, other antibodies – hemagglutination-inhibiting and complement-fixing – were demonstrated by day 6.5 and day 7, respectively.
  • High levels of neutralizing antibody to the vaccine virus, moderate levels to the Trinidad donkey no. 1 strain (from which TC-83 is derived), and low levels to two other strains were reported in all horses after one month following vaccination.
  • Fourteen months after vaccination, the horses were challenged with an epidemic-epizootic strain isolated from a patient in Honduras.

Conclusions

  • All the horses resisted the challenge with this strain, demonstrating the effectiveness of the vaccination in stimulating long-term immunity against different VEE virus strains.
  • The results show potential for the use of strain TC-83 VEE vaccine to protect horses, and potentially humans, from different forms of VEE virus.

Cite This Article

APA
Walton TE, Alvarez O, Buckwalter RM, Johnson KM. (1972). Experimental infection of horses with an attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis vaccine (strain TC-83). Infect Immun, 5(5), 750-756. https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.5.5.750-756.1972

Publication

Infection and immunity
ISSN: 0019-9567
NlmUniqueID: 0246127
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 5
Issue: 5
Pages: 750-756

Researcher Affiliations

Walton, T E
    Alvarez, O
      Buckwalter, R M
        Johnson, K M

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Antibodies, Viral / analysis
          • Body Temperature
          • Complement Fixation Tests
          • Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine / immunology
          • Encephalomyelitis, Equine / immunology
          • Encephalomyelitis, Equine / prevention & control
          • Hemagglutination Tests
          • Horses
          • Immunity
          • Leukopenia / etiology
          • Male
          • Proteinuria / etiology
          • Time Factors
          • Vaccination
          • Viral Vaccines / adverse effects
          • Viral Vaccines / therapeutic use

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