Fatal Halicephalobus gingivalis infection in horses from Central America.

This research article discusses two fatal cases of infection in horses caused by Halicephalobus gingivalis, a free-living nematode, in Central America. The study provides insights on the symptoms, treatment, pathology, and geographical spread of this parasitic illness.

Introduction

• The research focuses on two fatal cases of infection in horses caused by Halicephalobus gingivalis, a free-living nematode that can cause opportunistic infections in various animals and humans.
• Symptoms, treatment measures, autopsy findings, and pathological examination details are provided for both cases.

Case Reports

• The first case involved a 6-year-old Arabian stallion from Costa Rica that exhibited severe neurological signs. The treatment included anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics. However, the horse was euthanized due to the absence of improvement.
• In the post-mortem study, large white nodules were identified in the kidneys and they consisted of multiple necrotic foci along with nematode larvae. Similar findings were noted in the horse’s brain.
• The second case featured an 8-year-old Spanish stallion from Honduras which showed signs of depression, and avoidance of food and water. Despite administering antibiotics and analgesics, the animal died three days post the onset of clinical symptoms.
• Parts of the kidney were examined histopathologically, which revealed results similar to that of the first case.

Discussion and Conclusion

• These cases confirm the fatal consequence of H. gingivalis infection in horses and expands the knowledge about the geographical distribution of the nematode, specifically in Central America.
• Furthermore, the findings highlight the importance of an early diagnosis for effective treatment and control of the disease, given the poor response of both horses to anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, and analgesics.
• In conclusion, researchers emphasize the need for continued studies to improve the understanding of the H. gingivalis disease, its symptoms, treatment methods, and geographical distribution, to warrant better prevention strategies and, if required, euthanasia decisions.