Final classification of Bisgaard taxon 9 as Actinobacillus arthritidis sp. nov. and recognition of a novel genomospecies for equine strains of Actinobacillus lignieresii.
Abstract: Phenotypic characterization of bacteria from diseased and healthy horses identified 18 isolates as Bisgaard taxon 9 and 11 isolates as Actinobacillus lignieresii. All strains of taxon 9 were alpha-galactosidase- and raffinose-positive and showed variable fermentation of (+)L-arabinose and (-)D-sorbitol. Strains of A. lignieresii were negative for these characteristics, with the exception of raffinose. Two strains from the (-)D-sorbitol-negative group of taxon 9 showed a 16S rRNA similarity of 99-6%, while 99.5% similarity was found between two strains of the (-)D-sorbitol-positive group. DNA-DNA hybridization between the two strains representing the (-)D-sorbitol-negative group showed 98% binding, and their closest relationship was to a strain of A. lignieresii (64%). The two strains of the (-)D-sorbitol-positive group showed 83% binding and were related to the (-)D-sorbitol-negative group at a 76% DNA binding level. Actinobacillus arthritidis sp. nov. is proposed for 12 strains of the (-)D-sorbitol-positive group. Actinobacillus genomospecies 2 is suggested for the six strains of the (-)D-sorbitol-negative group. Phenotypically, strains of A. arthritidis and Actinobacillus genomospecies 2 differ in (-)D-sorbitol fermentation and can be separated from Actinobacillus equuli by being trehalose-negative, while a positive reaction for alpha-galactosidase separates the taxa from A. lignieresii. The type strain of A. arthritidis, CCUG 24862T, was isolated from a joint of a horse. Three equine isolates of A. lignieresii that could not be separated from the type strain by means of phenotypic characteristics showed 98.6-100% 16S rRNA similarity, but only 96.4-96.7% similarity to the type strain. DNA-DNA hybridization between two strains of this group showed 92% binding but only 70% binding to the type strain of A. lignieresii. Consequently, these equine isolates of A. lignieresii represent a new genomospecies of Actinobacillus, suggested as genomospecies 1 because phenotypic characteristics are not presently available to separate it from the type strain of A. lignieresii.
Publication Date: 2002-08-01 PubMed ID: 12148635DOI: 10.1099/00207713-52-4-1239Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research aims at classifying Bisgaard taxon 9 under the new species Actinobacillus arthritidis, and introduces a new genomospecies for horse strains of Actinobacillus lignieresii based on their genetic and phenotypic differences.
Overview of the Study
- The study began with the identification of bacteria variant in diseased and healthy horses. There were 18 isolates categorized as Bisgaard taxon 9 and 11 as Actinobacillus lignieresii. Variations in the two sets were noted mainly in their alpha-galactosidase and raffinose fermentation traits.
- More specifically, all Bisgaard taxon 9 samples were alpha-galactosidase- and raffinose-positive but showed variations in their fermentation of (+)L-arabinose and (-)D-sorbitol. Actinobacillus lignieresii strains were found to be devoid of these characteristics except for raffinose.
Genetic Similarity and DNA Binding
- With regards to genetic similarities, two strains from the (-)D-sorbitol-negative group of taxon 9 exhibited a 16S rRNA similarity of 99.6%. In the (-)D-sorbitol-positive group, a 99.5% similarity was discovered between two strains.
- Upon performing DNA-DNA hybridization, two distinct strains from the (-)D-sorbitol-negative group showed 89% DNA binding. These strains were closely related to a strain of Actinobacillus lignieresii with a 64% similarity.
- For the (-)D-sorbitol-positive group, there was 83% DNA binding between two strains and a 76% binding with the (-)D-sorbitol-negative group.
Proposition for New Classifications
- Based on these results, the researchers proposed Actinobacillus arthritidis sp. nov. for 12 strains of the (-)D-sorbitol-positive group and Actinobacillus genomospecies 2 for the six strains of the (-)D-sorbitol-negative group.
- Phenotypically, these two proposed species differ in (-)D-sorbitol fermentation and can be separated from Actinobacillus equuli due to their negative reaction for trehalose, and a positive reaction for alpha-galactosidase places them apart from A. lignieresii.
Conclusion and Recommendations
- In the final analysis, the study suggests that the horse strains of A. lignieresii introduce a new genomospecies of Actinobacillus, attributing it to genomospecies 1. This is largely due to their lack of current phenotypic characteristics that could enable it to be separated from the main type strain of A. lignieresii.
Cite This Article
APA
Christensen H, Bisgaard M, Angen O, Olsen JE.
(2002).
Final classification of Bisgaard taxon 9 as Actinobacillus arthritidis sp. nov. and recognition of a novel genomospecies for equine strains of Actinobacillus lignieresii.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 52(Pt 4), 1239-1246.
https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-52-4-1239 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark. hech@kvl.dk
MeSH Terms
- Actinobacillus / classification
- Actinobacillus / genetics
- Actinobacillus / isolation & purification
- Actinobacillus Infections / microbiology
- Actinobacillus Infections / veterinary
- Animals
- Arthritis / microbiology
- Arthritis / veterinary
- DNA, Ribosomal / analysis
- Horse Diseases / microbiology
- Horses
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Phenotype
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Serotyping
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- Vereecke N, Vandekerckhove A, Theuns S, Haesebrouck F, Boyen F. Whole genome sequencing to study antimicrobial resistance and RTX virulence genes in equine Actinobacillus isolates. Vet Res 2023 Apr 5;54(1):33.
- Kim Y, Koh JH, Ahn YJ, Oh S, Kim SH. The Synergic Anti-inflammatory Impact of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. and Lactobacillus brevis KY21 on Intestinal Epithelial Cells in a DSS-induced Colitis Model. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2015;35(5):604-10.
- Murakami M, Shimonishi Y, Hobo S, Niwa H, Ito H. First isolation of Actinobacillus genomospecies 2 in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2016 May 3;78(4):701-3.
- Fertner ME, Olsen RH, Bisgaard M, Christensen H. Transmission and genetic diversity of Enterococcus faecalis among layer chickens during hatch. Acta Vet Scand 2011 Oct 23;53(1):56.
- Kokotovic B, Angen Ø, Bisgaard M. Genetic diversity of Actinobacillus lignieresii isolates from different hosts. Acta Vet Scand 2011 Feb 8;53(1):6.
- Petersen A, Chadfield MS, Christensen JP, Christensen H, Bisgaard M. Characterization of small-colony variants of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from chickens with amyloid arthropathy. J Clin Microbiol 2008 Aug;46(8):2686-91.
- Zhou L, Jones SC, Angen Ø, Bossé JT, Nash JH, Frey J, Zhou R, Chen HC, Kroll JS, Rycroft AN, Langford PR. Multiplex PCR that can distinguish between immunologically cross- reactive serovar 3, 6, and 8 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains. J Clin Microbiol 2008 Feb;46(2):800-3.
- Jessing SG, Angen Ø, Inzana TJ. Evaluation of a multiplex PCR test for simultaneous identification and serotyping of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 2, 5, and 6. J Clin Microbiol 2003 Sep;41(9):4095-100.
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