Frequency of resistance in obligate anaerobic bacteria isolated from dogs, cats, and horses to antimicrobial agents.
Abstract: Clinical specimens from dogs, cats, and horses were examined for the presence of obligate anaerobic bacteria. Of 4,018 specimens cultured, 368 yielded 606 isolates of obligate anaerobic bacteria (248 from dogs, 50 from cats, and 308 from horses). There were 100 specimens from 94 animals from which only anaerobes were isolated (25 dogs, 8 cats, and 61 horses). The most common sites tested were abdominal fluid (dogs and cats) and intestinal contents (horses). The most common microorganism isolated from dogs, cats, and horses was Clostridium perfringens (75, 13, and101 isolates, respectively). The MICs of amoxicillin with clavulanate, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, metronidazole, and penicillin were determined using a gradient endpoint method for anaerobes. Isolates collected at necropsy were not tested for antimicrobial susceptibility unless so requested by the clinician. There were 1/145 isolates tested that were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate (resistance breakpoint ≥ 16/8 μg/ml), 7/77 isolates tested were resistant to ampicillin (resistance breakpoint ≥ 2 μg/ml), 4/242 isolates tested were resistant to chloramphenicol (resistance breakpoint ≥ 32 μg/ml), 12/158 isolates tested were resistant to clindamycin (resistance breakpoint ≥ 8 μg/ml), 10/247 isolates tested were resistant to metronidazole (resistance breakpoint ≥ 32 μg/ml), and 54/243 isolates tested were resistant to penicillin (resistance breakpoint ≥ 2 μg/ml). These data suggest that anaerobes are generally susceptible to antimicrobial drugs in vitro.
Publication Date: 2013-09-11 PubMed ID: 24025899PubMed Central: PMC3889770DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01432-13Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The study explores the frequency of resistance in anaerobic bacteria, sourced from dogs, cats, and horses, to various antimicrobial drugs. Results indicate a general susceptibility of these bacteria to antimicrobials in vitro.
Research Scope and Data Collection
- The study investigated the presence of obligate anaerobic bacteria in clinical samples taken from dogs, cats, and horses.
- The clinical specimens included 4018 samples, of which 368 yielded 606 instances of obligate anaerobic bacteria. This included 248 samples from dogs, 50 from cats, and 308 from horses.
- An interesting element revealed by the study was that in 100 specimens, anaerobes were the only bacteria isolated.
- Clostridium perfringens was the most commonly isolated microorganism from all three animal categories.
Testing Methodology
- Various antimicrobial drugs including amoxicillin with clavulanate, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, metronidazole, and penicillin were used in the research.
- The gradient endpoint method specific for anaerobes was employed to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of these drugs.
- Isolates obtained post-mortem (at necropsy) were excluded from the resistance testing, unless explicitly requested by the examining veterinarian.
Findings on Antimicrobial Resistance
- Results indicated a diverse range of resistance to different antimicrobials among the isolates tested. From 145 isolates tested, one was found to have resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate.
- There were 7/77 isolates resistant to ampicillin, 4/242 isolates exhibited resistance against chloramphenicol, and 12/158 were resistant to clindamycin.
- Further, metronidazole resistance was noted in 10/247 isolates and a relatively higher resistance was observed for penicillin, with 54/243 isolates depicting resistance.
- In all cases, the resistance breakpoint, which is the concentration at which bacteria no longer respond to treatment, was defined and data collected accordingly.
Conclusion
- Indications from the data suggest a general susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to antimicrobial agents when tested in vitro.
- However, the research provides a valuable understanding of the varying levels of resistance among different bacteria to various antimicrobial agents.
Cite This Article
APA
Lawhon SD, Taylor A, Fajt VR.
(2013).
Frequency of resistance in obligate anaerobic bacteria isolated from dogs, cats, and horses to antimicrobial agents.
J Clin Microbiol, 51(11), 3804-3810.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01432-13 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Anti-Infective Agents / pharmacology
- Bacteria, Anaerobic / drug effects
- Bacteria, Anaerobic / isolation & purification
- Bacterial Infections / microbiology
- Bacterial Infections / veterinary
- Cats
- Dogs
- Drug Resistance, Bacterial
- Horses
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests
References
This article includes 16 references
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