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Home / Equine Research Bank / Mycotoxin Res / Fungal and chemical diversity in hay and wrapped haylage for...
Mycotoxin research2019; 36(2); 159-172; doi: 10.1007/s12550-019-00377-5

Fungal and chemical diversity in hay and wrapped haylage for equine feed.

Abstract: The presence of fungi and mycotoxins in silage (fermented maize) for cattle and other ruminants have been studied extensively compared to wrapped haylage (fermented grass) for horses and other monogastric animals. The purpose of this work was to examine the fungal diversity of wrapped haylage and conventional hay and to analyse the forage sample for fungal metabolites. Faeces samples were also analysed to study the fate of fungi and metabolites. Fungal diversity of the samples was determined by direct plating on DG18, V8 and MEA and chemical analyses were done using LC-MS/MS. The results show that Sordaria fimicola was common in both hay and haylage, while Penicillium spp. was prevalent in haylage and Aspergillus spp. in hay. Communiols were found in all types of samples together with gliocladic acid. Roquefortines and fumigaclavines were found in haylage with no visible fungal growth, but not in hay. In haylage hot spot samples, a series of Penicillium metabolites were detected: Andrastins, fumigaclavines, isofumigaclavines, marcfortines, mycophenolic acid, PR toxins, and roquefortines. Penicillium solitum was found repeatedly in haylage and haylage hot spot samples and viridicatols were detected in a hot spot sample, which has not been reported before. Even haylage with no visible fungal growth contained more metabolites than hay. Individually, the metabolites detected in haylage may, in high doses, be mutagenic, neurotoxic or immunosuppressive; but the synergistic effect of small doses may also have other or greater negative health effects on equines than on ruminants.
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Publication Date: 2019-11-27 PubMed ID: 31776869PubMed Central: 5573881DOI: 10.1007/s12550-019-00377-5Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research examines the diversity of fungi and their by-products present in wrapped haylage, a grass-based feed usually given to monogastric animals like horses. The study found that haylage, even without visible fungal growth, contained more metabolites (by-products of fungal growth) than conventional hay. The presence of these metabolites could have detrimental health impacts on horses.

Fungal Diversity

  • The research compared the presence of fungi in hay and wrapped haylage, two different types of animal feed.
  • Haylage is often used to feed horses and other monogastric animals, while hay is largely given to cattle and ruminants.
  • Using different types of plating, the researchers identified common fungal species present. They found Sordaria fimicola was commonly found in both hay and haylage, while Penicillium spp. was prevalent in haylage and Aspergillus spp. in hay.

Fungal Metabolites

  • Metabolites can be seen as by-products of a fungus’ lifecycle and can often be harmful to the animals consuming the infested plants.
  • Chemical analyses were performed to identify the metabolites present in the feed samples.
  • Communiols and gliocladic acid were found in all types of samples.
  • Roquefortines and fumigaclavines were found in haylage even when there was no visible fungal growth. These metabolites, however, were not present in hay samples.

Threats to Equine Health

  • Horses and other monogastric animals could be at risk from consuming haylage containing these fungal metabolites.
  • The toxins produced by these fungi can have a variety of negative health effects such as immunosuppression, mutagenic effects, and neurotoxicity.
  • Potentially, even small quantities of these toxins may have a synergistic effect that could lead to other or more severe health complications.
  • Despite these potential risks, the study highlights that this is an area that has been less extensively researched than the impact of fungi and mycotoxins on ruminants like cattle.

Cite This Article

APA
Andersen B, Phippen C, Frisvad JC, Emery S, Eustace RA. (2019). Fungal and chemical diversity in hay and wrapped haylage for equine feed. Mycotoxin Res, 36(2), 159-172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-019-00377-5

Publication

Mycotoxin research
ISSN: 1867-1632
NlmUniqueID: 8807334
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 36
Issue: 2
Pages: 159-172

Researcher Affiliations

Andersen, Birgitte
  • Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Phippen, Christopher
  • Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Frisvad, Jens C
  • Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Emery, Sue
  • The Laminitis Clinic, Mead House, Dauntsey, Chippenham, Wiltshire, SN15 4JA, UK.
Eustace, Robert A
  • The Laminitis Clinic, Mead House, Dauntsey, Chippenham, Wiltshire, SN15 4JA, UK. rae@equilife.co.uk.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Chromatography, Liquid
  • Fungi / chemistry
  • Fungi / classification
  • Horses
  • Metabolomics
  • Mycotoxins / analysis
  • Silage / analysis
  • Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Grant Funding

  • - / The Laminitis Trust

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
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