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Home / Equine Research Bank / Arch Virol / Genetic and antigenic analysis of an equine influenza H 3 is...
Archives of virology1993; 130(1-2); 33-43; doi: 10.1007/BF01318994

Genetic and antigenic analysis of an equine influenza H 3 isolate from the 1989 epidemic.

Abstract: The haemagglutinin (HA) gene from the equine influenza H3N8 isolate Suffolk/89 has been cloned by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification. The nucleotide sequence of the HA gene was determined from two independently cloned copies of the gene and was found to be most closely related to recent American isolates supporting the idea that most isolates of equine H3N8 are evolving as a single lineage. When the predicted amino acid sequence of the Suffolk/89 HA was examined, changes had taken place in at least four of the major antigenic sites, A, B, C, and D when compared to the sequences of the isolates used in the current vaccines (Miami/63 and Fontainebleau/79). Surprisingly, when the Suffolk/89 isolate was tested in haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays with a panel of six mouse monoclonal antibodies, no differences were observed between the Suffolk/89 and the Fontainebleau/79 isolates, suggesting that this panel of monoclonal antibodies may recognise a limited subset of the major antigenic sites. Three anti-HA horse heterohybridoma monoclonals were able to distinguish between the Suffolk/89 and Fontainebleau/79 viruses, demonstrating that the horse does recognise these isolates as being antigenically different. The results of the work suggest that the isolates used in current equine influenza vaccines may need updating.
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Publication Date: 1993-01-01 PubMed ID: 8503788DOI: 10.1007/BF01318994Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research examines the haemagglutinin (HA) gene in the equine influenza H3N8 strain found in Suffolk/89, revealing it shares close genetic relations with recent American isolates and showing the need for potential updates to current equine influenza vaccines.

Study of the HA Gene

  • The research focused on the study of the HA gene from the H3N8 equine influenza isolate Suffolk/89.
  • This gene was cloned using a process known as reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification.
  • The nucleotide sequence of the HA gene was determined from two independently cloned copies, which highlighted its close similarity with recent American isolates.
  • This insight supports the hypothesis that most equine H3N8 isolates are evolving along a single lineage.

Amino Acid Sequence Changes

  • The predicted amino acid sequence of the Suffolk/89 HA showed changes in at least four of the major antigenic sites, namely A, B, C, and D.
  • This was in comparison with the sequences of the isolates used in the current equine influenza vaccines, Miami/63 and Fontainebleau/79.

Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) Assays

  • In H1 assays with a panel of six mouse monoclonal antibodies, there were no observable differences between the Suffolk/89 isolate and the Fontainebleau/79 isolates.
  • This unexpected result proposed that these monoclonal antibodies may only recognize a limited subset of the major antigenic sites.
  • However, three anti-HA horse heterohybridoma monoclonals were able to distinguish between the Suffolk/89 and Fontainebleau/79 viruses.
  • This highlights that horses perceive these isolates as being antigenically different.

Implications for Vaccination

  • The findings of this research suggest that the equine influenza vaccines currently in use may require updating.
  • This is due to the observed variations in the antigenic sites and the potential for horses to recognize these alterations.

Cite This Article

APA
Binns MM, Daly JM, Chirnside ED, Mumford JA, Wood JM, Richards CM, Daniels RS. (1993). Genetic and antigenic analysis of an equine influenza H 3 isolate from the 1989 epidemic. Arch Virol, 130(1-2), 33-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01318994

Publication

Archives of virology
ISSN: 0304-8608
NlmUniqueID: 7506870
Country: Austria
Language: English
Volume: 130
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 33-43

Researcher Affiliations

Binns, M M
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, Animal Health Trust, Kennett, Suffolk, U.K.
Daly, J M
    Chirnside, E D
      Mumford, J A
        Wood, J M
          Richards, C M
            Daniels, R S

              MeSH Terms

              • Amino Acid Sequence
              • Animals
              • Antibodies, Monoclonal
              • Base Sequence
              • England / epidemiology
              • Genes, Viral
              • Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
              • Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus
              • Hemagglutinins, Viral / genetics
              • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
              • Horses
              • Influenza A virus / genetics
              • Influenza A virus / immunology
              • Influenza A virus / isolation & purification
              • Molecular Sequence Data
              • Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
              • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / epidemiology
              • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / microbiology
              • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
              • Polymerase Chain Reaction
              • Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
              • Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
              • Viral Envelope Proteins / genetics
              • Viral Structural Proteins / genetics

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              Citations

              This article has been cited 8 times.
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              2. Rozario C, Martínez-Sobrido L, McSorley HJ, Chauché C. Could Interleukin-33 (IL-33) Govern the Outcome of an Equine Influenza Virus Infection? Learning from Other Species.. Viruses 2021 Dec 15;13(12).
                doi: 10.3390/v13122519pubmed: 34960788google scholar: lookup
              3. Oladunni FS, Oseni SO, Martinez-Sobrido L, Chambers TM. Equine Influenza Virus and Vaccines.. Viruses 2021 Aug 20;13(8).
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