Genetics of racing performance in the Japanese Thoroughbred horse:: II. Environmental variation of racing time on turf and dirt tracks and the influence of sex, age, and weight carried on racing time.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research investigates the factors affecting the racing performance of Japanese Thoroughbred horses, focusing on the impact of track conditions (turf or dirt), the horses’ sex, age, and weight carried during racing. The study is based on data from eight racecourses across Japan and covering five race distances, collected between 1982 and 1990.
Methodology and Data Source
- The researchers utilized data provided by the Japan Racing Association (JRA), who recorded individual horse racing times from eight different racecourses and five race distances (1000m, 1200m, 1400m, 1600m, and 1800m). This data was gathered over a period of eight years, from 1982 to 1990.
- The study examined the impact of various factors on race time variation using a nested model and calculating variance components as percentages of the total for both turf and dirt tracks.
Variance Influencers
- The results showed that race times were consistently shorter on turf tracks compared to dirt tracks across all racecourses and distances studied.
- Total variance, which increased with race distance, was typically larger on dirt tracks, except at the 1000m distance. The residual variance followed a similar pattern.
- The particular racecourse contributed a minor part to the total variance, while the years within racecourses were not significant.
- Months within years and courses accounted for an average of 12.7% of total variance on turf tracks and 8.8% on dirt tracks. This suggests that seasonality impacts racing speed more noticeably on turf than on dirt.
- Day-to-day variables within months, years, and courses were significant and higher on turf tracks, highlighting the potential influence of daily environmental conditions.
The Role of Individual Races, Sex, and Age
- The individual races accounted for the largest percentage of the total variance, at 33.2% on turf tracks and 40.2% on dirt tracks.
- The interaction between a horse’s sex and age did not significantly contribute to the observed variances.
- A horse’s sex and/or age was significant except at 1800m and 2000m on turf, with mares generally being faster than stallions on turf tracks across all distances. On dirt tracks, stallions were faster except at the 1200m distance.
- In terms of age, 5-year-old horses were typically faster than 3 and 4-year-olds, except at the 1600m distance on turf tracks.
Weight Carried During Racing
- The study also found that the weight a horse carried during a race was significant at all distances on both turf and dirt tracks, suggesting that this is a key factor influencing racing times.
The research thus provides valuable insight into the multiple factors that influence the racing performances of Japanese Thoroughbred horses. Framing the individual horse race as the logical group for making genetic predictions among horses could refine the approach to horse breeding and training for optimal performance.
Cite This Article
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Animal Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA.
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Schrurs C, Dubois G, Van Erck-Westergren E, Gardner DS. Does sex of the jockey influence racehorse physiology and performance.. PLoS One 2022;17(8):e0273310.
- Lee J, Shin D, Kim H. National genomic evaluation of Korean thoroughbreds through indirect racing phenotype.. Anim Biosci 2022 May;35(5):659-669.
- Cervantes I, Gutiérrez JP, García-Ballesteros S, Varona L. Combining Threshold, Thurstonian and Classical Linear Models in Horse Genetic Evaluations for Endurance Competitions.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Jun 22;10(6).
- Takahashi T. The effect of age on the racing speed of Thoroughbred racehorses.. J Equine Sci 2015;26(2):43-8.
- Shin DH, Lee JW, Park JE, Choi IY, Oh HS, Kim HJ, Kim H. Multiple Genes Related to Muscle Identified through a Joint Analysis of a Two-stage Genome-wide Association Study for Racing Performance of 1,156 Thoroughbreds.. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015 Jun;28(6):771-81.