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Home / Equine Research Bank / Viruses / Genomic Analysis of West Nile Virus Lineage 1 Detected in Mo...
Viruses2023; 15(2); 266; doi: 10.3390/v15020266

Genomic Analysis of West Nile Virus Lineage 1 Detected in Mosquitoes during the 2020-2021 Outbreaks in Andalusia, Spain.

Abstract: Emerging infectious diseases are one of the most important global health challenges because of their impact on human and animal health. The vector-borne West Nile virus (WNV) is transmitted between birds by mosquitos, but it can also infect humans and horses causing disease. The local circulation of WNV in Spain has been known for decades, and since 2010, there have been regular outbreaks in horses, although only six cases were reported in humans until 2019. In 2020, Spain experienced a major outbreak with 77 human cases, which was followed by 6 additional cases in 2021, most of them in the Andalusian region (southern Spain). This study aimed to characterize the genomes of the WNV circulating in wild-trapped mosquitoes during 2020 and 2021 in Andalusia. We sequenced the WNV consensus genome from two mosquito pools and carried out the phylogenetic analyses. We also compared the obtained genomes with those sequenced from human samples obtained during the outbreak and the genomes obtained previously in Spain from birds (2007 and 2017), mosquitoes (2008) and horses (2010) to better understand the eco-epidemiology of WNV in Spain. As expected, the WNV genomes recovered from mosquito pools in 2020 were closely related to those recovered from humans of the same outbreak. In addition, the strain of WNV circulating in 2021 was highly related to the WNV strain that caused the 2020 outbreak, suggesting that WNV is overwintering in the area. Consequently, future outbreaks of the same strain may occur in in the future.
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Publication Date: 2023-01-17 PubMed ID: 36851481PubMed Central: PMC9962355DOI: 10.3390/v15020266Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

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The research article presents a genomic analysis of the West Nile virus in mosquitoes during the 2020 and 2021 outbreaks in Andalusia, Spain. The findings suggest that the virus overwintered in the area, which might cause future outbreaks of the same strain.

Introduction

  • The research focuses on the West Nile virus (WNV), a vector-borne disease transmitted between birds via mosquitoes, which can also infect humans and horses. Emergence of such diseases poses significant global health challenges due to their impacts on human and animal health.

West Nile Virus in Spain

  • The local transmission of WNV in Spain has been recognized for several years, with regular outbreaks occurring in horses since 2010. Before 2019, only six human cases were reported. However, a significant outbreak of 77 human cases occurred in Spain in 2020, followed by an additional 6 cases in 2021, primarily in the Andalusian region.

Objective of the Study

  • The research aimed to identify the genetic profiles of the WNV circulating in wild mosquitoes during the 2020 and the 2021 outbreaks in Andalusia.
  • To achieve this, the team sequenced the WNV consensus genome from two mosquito pools and carried out phylogenetic analyses. They then compared these genomes with ones from human samples from the same outbreak, as well as earlier genomes from birds, mosquitoes, and horses in Spain. This comparison helped the researchers gain a better understanding of the eco-epidemiology of WNV in Spain.

Findings

  • The results showed that the WNV genomes in mosquito pools recovered during the 2020 outbreak closely matched the genomes recovered from human cases during the same outbreak.
  • In addition, the strain of WNV circulating in 2021 appeared to be very similar to the one that caused the 2020 outbreak. This suggests that the WNV survived the winter (overwintered) in the area.
  • Given these findings, the researchers anticipate that future outbreaks involving the same strain of WNV may potentially occur in the future.

Cite This Article

APA
Ruiz-López MJ, Muñoz-Chimeno M, Figuerola J, Gavilán AM, Varona S, Cuesta I, Martínez-de la Puente J, Zaballos Á, Molero F, Soriguer RC, Sánchez-Seco MP, Ruiz S, Vázquez A. (2023). Genomic Analysis of West Nile Virus Lineage 1 Detected in Mosquitoes during the 2020-2021 Outbreaks in Andalusia, Spain. Viruses, 15(2), 266. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020266

Publication

Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
NlmUniqueID: 101509722
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
PII: 266

Researcher Affiliations

Ruiz-López, María José
  • Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
  • CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Muñoz-Chimeno, Milagros
  • Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain.
Figuerola, Jordi
  • Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
  • CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Gavilán, Ana M
  • CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
  • Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain.
Varona, Sarai
  • Unidad Bioinformática, Unidades Centrales Científico-Técnicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain.
  • Escuela Internacional de Doctorado de la UNED (EIDUNED), Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28232 Madrid, Spain.
Cuesta, Isabel
  • Unidad Bioinformática, Unidades Centrales Científico-Técnicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain.
Martínez-de la Puente, Josué
  • CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
  • Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Zaballos, Ángel
  • Unidad Genómica, Unidades Centrales Científico-Técnicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain.
Molero, Francisca
  • Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain.
Soriguer, Ramón C
  • Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
  • CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Sánchez-Seco, Maria Paz
  • Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain.
  • CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Ruiz, Santiago
  • CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
  • Servicio de Control de Mosquitos de la Diputación Provincial de Huelva, Ctra. Hospital Infanta Elena s/n, 21007 Huelva, Spain.
Vázquez, Ana
  • CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
  • Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain.

MeSH Terms

  • Humans
  • Animals
  • Horses
  • West Nile virus / genetics
  • Phylogeny
  • Spain / epidemiology
  • Mosquito Vectors
  • Genomics
  • Disease Outbreaks
  • Culicidae

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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