Global haplotype distribution of Babesia ovis inferred by 18S rRNA sequences; a phylogeographical systematic review.
Abstract: The genetic variability of apicomplexan parasite Babesia species is a principal strategy used by piroplasma to evade their hosts' immune responses. The purpose of this review was to evaluate our current knowledge on global haplotype distribution and phylogeography of Babesia ovis derived from sheep, goat, horse and ixodid (hard) ticks. Bibliographic English databases were searched from 2017 to 2023, identifying a total of 11 publications. The 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) sequences of B. ovis from Asia, Europe, and Africa were retrieved and subjected to estimate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic assessment. A haplotype network indicated a total of 29 haplotypes being classified into two distinct geographical haplogroups I and II including Nigeria and Uganda-derived B. ovis isolates. A moderately high level of genetic diversity was characterized in sheep/tick-derived B. ovis isolates originating from Iraq (Haplotype diversity: 0.781) and Turkey (Hd: 0.841). Based on the cladistic phylogenetic tree, two geographically different lineages of A and B were genetically differentiated except for Turkish isolates, indicating haplotype migration occurred between various geographical clades. In addition, the topology of UPGMA tree indicated that B. ovis population has a distinct clade compared to the rest clades of ovine babesiosis (B. crassa and B. motasi). The present results strengthen our knowledge to evaluate the evolutionary paradigms and transmission dynamics of B. ovis in different regions of the world; also it will provide groundwork for public health policy to control ovine babesiosis.
Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2023-05-26 PubMed ID: 37245631DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106179Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Review
- Systematic Review
Summary
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The article examines the global distribution and genetic diversity of the parasite Babesia ovis, which is found in sheep, goats, horses, and certain ticks. By studying the 18S ribosomal RNA sequences, this research identified significant genetic variation among these parasites, suggesting evolutionary changes and transmission dynamics that could impact future efforts to prevent and control ovine babesiosis.
Research Methodology
- The researchers began with a comprehensive literature review, searching English databases from 2017 to 2023, and identified 11 relevant publications.
- They retrieved 18S ribosomal RNA sequences of B. ovis from Asia, Europe, and Africa, using this data for further genetic diversity estimation and phylogenetic assessment.
Haplotype Network and Distribution
- The haplotype network they established showed a total of 29 haplotypes. These were broadly classified into two geographical haplogroups, I and II.
- Global distribution showed that Nigeria and Uganda-derived B. ovis isolates fell under these two haplogroups.
Genetic Diversity
- A relatively high level of genetic diversity was identified in B. ovis isolates from sheep and ticks in Iraq and Turkey, highlighting the potential complexity of these parasites.
- The genetic diversity figures highlighted were Haplotype diversity: 0.781 for Iraq and 0.841 for Turkey.
Phylogenetic Assessment
- A cladistic phylogenetic tree was used to differentiate between geographically different lineages of A and B, except for Turkish isolates, suggesting a history of haplotype migration between various geographical regions.
- A UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) tree indicated that the B. ovis population formed a distinct clade quite different from other clades of ovine babesiosis (B. crassa and B. motasi).
Implications
- The results of this study provide valuable insights into the evolutionary patterns and transmission dynamics of B. ovis in different regions of the world.
- By highlighting the substantial genetic diversity of these parasites, this research sets the groundwork for adjusting public health policy towards improved control of ovine babesiosis.
Cite This Article
APA
Spotin A, Dalir F, Hazratian T, Shekarchi AA, Mahami-Oskouei M, Farmani M, Dolatkhah A, Ahmadpour E.
(2023).
Global haplotype distribution of Babesia ovis inferred by 18S rRNA sequences; a phylogeographical systematic review.
Microb Pathog, 181, 106179.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106179 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical, Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: Adelespotin@gmail.com.
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical, Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical, Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Pathology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical, Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical, Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical, Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical, Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Babesia / genetics
- Babesiosis / epidemiology
- Babesiosis / parasitology
- Goats
- Haplotypes
- Horses
- Ixodidae
- Nigeria
- Phylogeny
- Phylogeography
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / genetics
- Sheep
- Sheep Diseases / epidemiology
Conflict of Interest Statement
Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests.
Citations
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