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Physiology & behavior2007; 92(3); 293-316; doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.01.007

Heart rate variability as a measure of autonomic regulation of cardiac activity for assessing stress and welfare in farm animals — a review.

Abstract: Measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive technique that can be used to investigate the functioning of the autonomic nervous system, especially the balance between sympathetic and vagal activity. It has been proven to be very useful in humans for both research and clinical studies concerned with cardiovascular diseases, diabetic autonomic dysfunction, hypertension and psychiatric and psychological disorders. Over the past decade, HRV has been used increasingly in animal research to analyse changes in sympathovagal balance related to diseases, psychological and environmental stressors or individual characteristics such as temperament and coping strategies. This paper discusses current and past HRV research in farm animals. First, it describes how cardiac activity is regulated and the relationships between HRV, sympathovagal balance and stress and animal welfare. Then it proceeds to outline the types of equipment and methodological approaches that have been adapted and developed to measure inter-beats intervals (IBI) and estimate HRV in farm animals. Finally, it discusses experiments and conclusions derived from the measurement of HRV in pigs, cattle, horses, sheep, goats and poultry. Emphasis has been placed on deriving recommendations for future research investigating HRV, including approaches for measuring and analysing IBI data. Data from earlier research demonstrate that HRV is a promising approach for evaluating stress and emotional states in animals. It has the potential to contribute much to our understanding and assessment of the underlying neurophysiological processes of stress responses and different welfare states in farm animals.
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Publication Date: 2007-01-20 PubMed ID: 17320122DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.01.007Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article explores the effectiveness of using heart rate variability (HRV) as a measure of stress and welfare in farm animals.

Regulation of Cardiac Activity

  • The study kicks off by elaborating the regulation of cardiac activity. The autonomic nervous system, consisting of sympathetic and vagal activity, is responsible for controlling the heart rate. The sympathetic nervous system accelerates heart rate while the vagal (part of the parasympathetic nervous system) slows it down.

HRV and Sympathovagal Balance

  • The paper further elaborates on the link between HRV, sympathovagal balance, and stress. The balance between the two nervous systems fluctuates in response to different physiological and psychological states, thus changing the heart rate variability.
  • The changes in HRV can signify stress and hence the overall welfare of the farm animals.

Measurement Techniques

  • The research explores the diverse range of equipment and methodologies used tomeasure inter-beat intervals (IBI) and calculate HRV in farm animals.

HRV Measurement in Various Animals

  • The paper provides a detailed discussion of various experiments and conclusions derived from measuring HRV in pigs, cattle, horses, sheep, goats, and poultry.

Recommendations and Findings

  • Researchers underline the need for a standardized approach in measuring and analyzing IBI data.
  • The research concludes that HRV is a promising way to measure and analyze stress and emotional states in animals.
  • It suggests that HRV can greatly improve understanding and assessment of neurophysiological processes related to stress responses and welfare states in farm animals.

Cite This Article

APA
von Borell E, Langbein J, Després G, Hansen S, Leterrier C, Marchant J, Marchant-Forde R, Minero M, Mohr E, Prunier A, Valance D, Veissier I. (2007). Heart rate variability as a measure of autonomic regulation of cardiac activity for assessing stress and welfare in farm animals — a review. Physiol Behav, 92(3), 293-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.01.007

Publication

Physiology & behavior
ISSN: 0031-9384
NlmUniqueID: 0151504
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 92
Issue: 3
Pages: 293-316

Researcher Affiliations

von Borell, Eberhard
  • Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle, Germany. eberhard.vonborell@landw.uni-halle.de
Langbein, Jan
    Després, Gérard
      Hansen, Sven
        Leterrier, Christine
          Marchant, Jeremy
            Marchant-Forde, Ruth
              Minero, Michela
                Mohr, Elmar
                  Prunier, Armelle
                    Valance, Dorothée
                      Veissier, Isabelle

                        MeSH Terms

                        • Animal Welfare
                        • Animals
                        • Animals, Domestic / physiology
                        • Autonomic Nervous System / physiopathology
                        • Heart Rate / physiology
                        • Stress, Psychological / diagnosis
                        • Stress, Psychological / physiopathology

                        Citations

                        This article has been cited 249 times.
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