Hendra virus vaccine, a one health approach to protecting horse, human, and environmental health.
Abstract: In recent years, the emergence of several highly pathogenic zoonotic diseases in humans has led to a renewed emphasis on the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, otherwise known as One Health. For example, Hendra virus (HeV), a zoonotic paramyxovirus, was discovered in 1994, and since then, infections have occurred in 7 humans, each of whom had a strong epidemiologic link to similarly affected horses. As a consequence of these outbreaks, eradication of bat populations was discussed, despite their crucial environmental roles in pollination and reduction of the insect population. We describe the development and evaluation of a vaccine for horses with the potential for breaking the chain of HeV transmission from bats to horses to humans, thereby protecting horse, human, and environmental health. The HeV vaccine for horses is a key example of a One Health approach to the control of human disease.
Publication Date: 2014-02-28 PubMed ID: 24572697PubMed Central: PMC3944873DOI: 10.3201/eid2003.131159Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- N.I.H.
- Extramural
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research presents the development and evaluation of a vaccine to prevent Hendra virus (HeV), a disease transmitted from bats to horses and then to humans, showcasing a One Health approach that considers human, animal, and environmental health.
Introduction
The recent emergence of multiple highly pathogenic zoonotic diseases (diseases transmitted from animals to humans) has highlighted the importance of the interconnectedness between human, animal, and environmental health. This concept, known as One Health, has been showcased in the research by the development of a vaccine for Hendra virus, a zoonotic paramyxovirus that primarily affects horses but can also infect humans.
- Hendra virus was first discovered in 1994 and since then, periodic outbreaks have occurred, affecting both horses and the humans closely associated with them.
- One proposed solution for these outbreaks was the eradication of bat populations, which are the main carriers of the virus. However, bats play a crucial role in the ecosystem, particularly in pollination and controlling insect populations, making this solution undesirable.
Development and Evaluation of the Vaccine
The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate a vaccine for horses to prevent Hendra virus transmission and thus protect horses, humans, and the environmental health.
- The researchers have elucidated the development of this vaccine in detail, describing the various stages of testing and confirming the efficacy.
- As horses are the primary ‘intermediate hosts’ for HeV before it infects humans, vaccinating them effectively breaks the chain of transmission.
Consequences and Significance
The One Health approach in the development of the HeV vaccine provides a valuable model for managing other zoonotic diseases.
- This approach would not only curb the health risks associated with HeV for horses and humans, but also lead to the preservation of bat populations, thereby saving the environmental health.
- The research emphasizes that controlling the disease in the primary host (here, horses) is often more feasible and sustainable than targeting the original carriers (bats), which often have important ecological roles.
- This study is a key example of how the one health approach can be used to manage and prevent diseases at the interface of humans, animals, and the environment
Cite This Article
APA
Middleton D, Pallister J, Klein R, Feng YR, Haining J, Arkinstall R, Frazer L, Huang JA, Edwards N, Wareing M, Elhay M, Hashmi Z, Bingham J, Yamada M, Johnson D, White J, Foord A, Heine HG, Marsh GA, Broder CC, Wang LF.
(2014).
Hendra virus vaccine, a one health approach to protecting horse, human, and environmental health.
Emerg Infect Dis, 20(3), 372-379.
https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2003.131159 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Antibodies, Viral / immunology
- Environmental Health
- Female
- Ferrets
- Guinea Pigs
- Hendra Virus / genetics
- Hendra Virus / immunology
- Henipavirus Infections / prevention & control
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Humans
- Immunization
- Neutralization Tests
- Viral Vaccines / immunology
- Zoonoses / pathology
- Zoonoses / prevention & control
- Zoonoses / virology
Grant Funding
- R01 AI054715 / NIAID NIH HHS
- U01 AI077995 / NIAID NIH HHS
- AI077995 / NIAID NIH HHS
- AI054715 / NIAID NIH HHS
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