[HYPP–hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in horses].

The research article reviews existing literature on a neurological disorder in horses called Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (HYPP), which affects muscle function and is mainly found in Quarter Horses. It outlines the nature, causes, diagnosis, genetic implications, and treatment of the disease.

Understanding Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (HYPP)

• Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (HYPP) is a sporadic condition characterized by attacks of muscle tremors, weakness, and/or sudden collapse in affected horses.
• The duration of these episodes varies substantially.
• The condition is diagnosed through physical findings in conjunction with hyperkalemia, a condition characterized by high levels of potassium in the blood.
• At the cellular level, the disease results from a failure in the regulation of ion transport through the sodium channels in muscle cells, leading to uncontrollable muscle twitching.

Genetic Basis of HYPP

• Further investigations into the molecular genetics of HYPP reveal a mutation in the gene responsible for regulating sodium and potassium in the horse’s body. This gene mutation is the root cause of HYPP.
• The disorder is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, meaning that only one parent needs to have the defective gene for it to be passed down to progeny.
• This gene mutation can be identified through a blood test used for clinically diagnosing HYPP.

Treatment of HYPP in Horses

• Horses experiencing an attack of HYPP can be effectively treated by intravenous application of calcium gluconate, bicarbonate, and glucose. These elements help bring about a rapid recovery in the horse.
• Post-recovery, the horse’s diet can be managed and daily administration of acetazolamide undertaken to control and manage the disease effectively.