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Home / Equine Research Bank / Mol Cells / Identification and Expression of Equine MER-Derived miRNAs.
Molecules and cells2017; 40(4); 262-270; doi: 10.14348/molcells.2017.2295

Identification and Expression of Equine MER-Derived miRNAs.

Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, small RNAs (21-23 nucleotides) that function in gene silencing and translational inhibition via the RNA interference mechanism. Most miRNAs originate from host genomic regions, such as intergenic regions, introns, exons, and transposable elements (TEs). Here, we focused on the palindromic structure of medium reiteration frequencies (MERs), which are similar to precursor miRNAs. Five MER consensus sequences (MER5A1, MER53, MER81, MER91C, and MER117) were matched with paralogous transcripts predicted to be precursor miRNAs in the horse genome (equCab2) and located in either intergenic regions or introns. The MER5A1, MER53, and MER91C sequences obtained from RepeatMasker were matched with the eca-miR-544b, eca-miR-1302, and eca-miR-652 precursor sequences derived from Ensembl transcript database, respectively. Each precursor form was anticipated to yield two mature forms, and we confirmed miRNA expression in six different tissues (cerebrum, cerebellum, lung, spleen, adrenal gland, and duodenum) of one thorough-bred horse. MER5A1-derived miRNAs generally showed significantly higher expression in the lung than in other tissues. MER91C-derived miRNA-5p also showed significantly higher expression in the duodenum than in other tissues (cerebellum, lung, spleen, and adrenal gland). The MER117-overlapped expressed sequence tag generated polycistronic miRNAs, which showed higher expression in the duodenum than other tissues. These data indicate that horse MER transposons encode miR-NAs that are expressed in several tissues and are thought to have biological functions.
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Publication Date: 2017-03-21 PubMed ID: 28320202PubMed Central: PMC5424272DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.2295Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study examines the identification and expression of miRNAs (microRNAs), small gene-regulating molecules, derived from specific genomic structures called MERs (medium reiteration frequencies) in horses. This work builds on the understanding of miRNA genesis and function in equine health and biology.

Understanding MicroRNAs and MERs

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are tiny pieces of RNA, typically around 21-23 nucleotides long. These molecules work mainly to regulate genes by silencing them or inhibiting their translation into proteins.
  • Most miRNAs are generated from different regions within the host genome, such as in between genes (intergenic regions), within noncoding portions of genes (introns), within coding portions of genes (exons), and from areas known as transposable elements (TEs).
  • Medium Reiteration Frequencies (MERs) are genomic structures. Their structure somewhat resembles the structure of precursor miRNAs, the initial form of miRNAs before they are processed into their functional form.

Identifying and Matching miRNAs with MER Consensus Sequences

  • The researchers focused on five MER consensus sequences specifically found in the horse genome. These sequences were matched with predicted precursor miRNAs located in either intergenic regions or introns.
  • Three of these sequences were then matched with respective precursor sequences derived from a different database. Each precursor is anticipated to generate two functional, or ‘mature’ forms of miRNAs.

Checking miRNA Expression in Horse Tissues

  • The researchers checked the presence and levels of these miRNAs in six different tissues (cerebrum, cerebellum, lung, spleen, adrenal gland, and duodenum) of a thoroughbred horse.
  • MER5A1-derived miRNAs had significantly higher expression in the lung than in other tissues.
  • MER91C-derived miRNA had higher expression in the duodenum than in other tissues.
  • MER117-overlapped expressed sequence tag yielded polycistronic miRNAs (cluster of miRNAs in a single molecule). These showed higher expression in the duodenum than other tissues.

Implications

  • The findings show that these MER transposons found in the horse genome can code for miRNAs. These miRNAs are active in multiple tissues and are likely to perform significant biological functions.
  • This study, therefore, adds a new dimension to our understanding of genetic regulation, potentially improving our understanding of equine biology and health.

Cite This Article

APA
Gim JA, Kim HS. (2017). Identification and Expression of Equine MER-Derived miRNAs. Mol Cells, 40(4), 262-270. https://doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2017.2295

Publication

Molecules and cells
ISSN: 0219-1032
NlmUniqueID: 9610936
Country: Korea (South)
Language: English
Volume: 40
Issue: 4
Pages: 262-270

Researcher Affiliations

Gim, Jeong-An
  • Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
  • Genetic Engineering Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
  • The Genomics Institute, Life Sciences Department, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea.
Kim, Heui-Soo
  • Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
  • Genetic Engineering Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.

MeSH Terms

  • Adrenal Glands / physiology
  • Animals
  • Cerebellum / physiology
  • DNA Transposable Elements / genetics
  • Duodenum / physiology
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Genome
  • Horses / genetics
  • Humans
  • Introns
  • Inverted Repeat Sequences / genetics
  • Lung / physiology
  • MicroRNAs / genetics
  • MicroRNAs / metabolism
  • RNA Precursors / genetics
  • RNA Precursors / metabolism
  • Spleen / physiology

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Kim SW, Jo A, Im J, Lee HE, Kim HS. Expression analysis of miR-221-3p and its target genes in horses.. Genes Genomics 2019 Apr;41(4):459-465.
    doi: 10.1007/s13258-018-00778-3pubmed: 30604147google scholar: lookup
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