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Home / Equine Research Bank / Int J Parasitol / Identification, expression and characterisation of a major s...
International journal for parasitology2008; 39(2); 243-250; doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.06.008

Identification, expression and characterisation of a major salivary allergen (Cul s 1) of the biting midge Culicoides sonorensis relevant for summer eczema in horses.

Abstract: Salivary proteins of Culicoides biting midges are thought to play a key role in summer eczema (SE), a seasonal recurrent allergic dermatitis in horses. The present study describes the identification, expression and clinical relevance of a candidate allergen of the North American midge Culicoides sonorensis. Immunoblot analysis of midge saliva revealed a 66 kDa protein (Cul s 1) that was bound by IgE from several SE-affected (SE+) horses. Further characterisation by fragmentation, mass spectrometry and bioinformatics identified Cul s 1 as maltase, an enzyme involved in sugar meal digestion. A cDNA encoding Cul s 1 was isolated and expressed as a polyhistidine-tagged fusion protein in a baculovirus/insect cell expression system. The clinical relevance of the affinity-purified recombinant Cul s 1 (rCul s 1) was investigated by immunoblotting, histamine release testing (HRT) and intradermal testing (IDT) in eight SE+ and eight control horses. Seven SE+ horses had rCul s 1-specific IgE, whereas only one control animal had IgE directed against this allergen. Furthermore, the HRT showed rCul s 1 induced basophil degranulation in samples from seven of eight SE+ horses but in none of the control animals. rCul s 1 also induced immediate (7/8), late-phase (8/8) and delayed (1/8) skin reactivity in IDT on all SE+ horses that had a positive test with the whole body extract (WBE) of C. sonorensis. None of the control horses showed immediate or delayed skin reactivity with rCul s 1, and only one control horse had a positive late-phase response, while several non-specific late-phase reactions were observed with the insect WBE. Thus, we believe rCul s 1 is the first specific salivary allergen of C. sonorensis to be described that promises to advance both in vitro and in vivo diagnosis and may contribute to the development of immunotherapy for SE in horses.
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Publication Date: 2008-07-26 PubMed ID: 18708061PubMed Central: PMC2744044DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.06.008Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates a salivary protein from the North American midge (Culicoides sonorensis), believed to be a major cause of seasonal eczema in horses. The identified protein, named as Cul s 1, was recognized by the immune system of eczema-affected horses, suggesting its pivotal role in triggering the allergic reaction.

Identification and Expression of Cul s 1

  • The research started with the identification of a 66 kDa protein in the saliva of Culicoides sonorensis. This protein, termed Cul s 1, was noted to interact with the IgE (an antibody involved in allergy) from several horses suffering from summer eczema (SE), giving the initial proof of its potential allergenic property.
  • Further characterisation of Cul s 1 revealed it to be maltase, an enzyme involved in the digestion of sugar meals. A complementary DNA (cDNA) was also isolated, encoding Cul s 1 and was expressed in an insect cell expression system.

Evaluation of the Clinical Relevance of Cul s 1

  • The next step was to confirm the allergenic potential of Cul s 1, for which the researchers used purified recombinant Cul s 1 (rCul s 1) and performed a series of immunoblottering, histamine release testing (HRT) and intradermal testing (IDT) on eight SE-affected and eight control horses.
  • rCul s 1-specific IgE was found in seven out of eight SE-affected horses but only in one of the control animals. The HRT indicated that rCul s 1 could trigger basophil degranulation, which is an integral part of allergic reactions, in samples from seven of eight SE-affected horses but not in control animals.
  • In IDT, rCul s 1 induced immediate, late-phase and delayed skin reactivity in all SE-affected horses that had a positive test with the whole body extract (WBE) of C. sonorensis. None of the control horses exhibited an immediate or delayed skin reaction to rCul s 1. Only one control horse showed a late-phase response, which signifies delayed inflammation.

Implications of the Study

  • The study has identified and characterized rCul s 1 as the first specific salivary allergen from C. sonorensis.
  • This identification opens up possibilities for better diagnostic methods for SE in horses. Further, it may help in the development of immunotherapy for SE, thereby improving the overall health and well-being of horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Langner KF, Jarvis DL, Nimtz M, Heselhaus JE, McHolland LE, Leibold W, Drolet BS. (2008). Identification, expression and characterisation of a major salivary allergen (Cul s 1) of the biting midge Culicoides sonorensis relevant for summer eczema in horses. Int J Parasitol, 39(2), 243-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.06.008

Publication

International journal for parasitology
ISSN: 1879-0135
NlmUniqueID: 0314024
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 39
Issue: 2
Pages: 243-250

Researcher Affiliations

Langner, Kathrin F A
  • Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany. kathrin.langner@tiho-hannover.de
Jarvis, Donald L
    Nimtz, Manfred
      Heselhaus, Julia E
        McHolland, Linda E
          Leibold, Wolfgang
            Drolet, Barbara S

              MeSH Terms

              • Allergens / chemistry
              • Allergens / genetics
              • Allergens / immunology
              • Animals
              • Ceratopogonidae / immunology
              • Cullin Proteins / genetics
              • Cullin Proteins / immunology
              • Eczema / genetics
              • Eczema / immunology
              • Eczema / veterinary
              • Horse Diseases / genetics
              • Horse Diseases / immunology
              • Horses
              • Immunoglobulin E / immunology
              • Salivary Proteins and Peptides / chemistry
              • Salivary Proteins and Peptides / genetics
              • Salivary Proteins and Peptides / immunology
              • Seasons

              Grant Funding

              • R01 GM049734 / NIGMS NIH HHS
              • R01 GM049734-06 / NIGMS NIH HHS
              • GM049734 / NIGMS NIH HHS

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              Citations

              This article has been cited 12 times.
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