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Genes2023; 14(11); 1982; doi: 10.3390/genes14111982

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes after Endurance Runs in Karbadian Horses to Determine Candidates for Stress Indicators and Performance Capability.

Abstract: RNA sequencing makes it possible to uncover genetic mechanisms that underlie certain performance traits. In order to gain a deeper insight into the genetic background and biological processes involved in endurance performance in horses, the changes in the gene expression profiles induced by endurance runs over long (70 km) and short (15 km) distances in the blood of Kabardian horses () were analyzed. For the long-distance runs, we identified 1484 up- and 691 downregulated genes, while after short-distance runs, only 13 up- and 8 downregulated genes (FC > |1.5|; < 0.05) were found. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are involved in processes and pathways that are primarily related to stress response (interleukin production, activation of inflammatory system) but also to metabolism (carbohydrate catabolic process, lipid biosynthesis, NADP metabolic process). The most important genes involved in these processes therefore represent good candidates for the monitoring and evaluation of the performance of horses in order to avoid excessive demands when endurance performance is required, like , , , , , , and , on the one hand, and, on the other hand, for assessing the suitability of a horse for endurance races, like , , , , , , , and .
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Publication Date: 2023-10-24 PubMed ID: 38002925PubMed Central: PMC10671444DOI: 10.3390/genes14111982Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research focusses on examining gene expression changes in Kabardian horses following endurance runs of varying distances, to help decipher the genetic factors that influence a horse’s ability to perform over various distances and to better manage the stress on the horses.

Study and Methodology

  • In this study, the researchers used RNA sequencing, a method that examines the quantity and types of RNA in a sample at a given moment, to investigate changes in gene expressions in Kabardian horses after undertaking endurance runs of two different lengths: a longer run of 70 kilometers and a shorter run of 15 kilometers.
  • By comparing changes in gene expression profiles before and after the runs, the study aimed to provide insights into genetic mechanisms related to endurance performance in horses.

Findings and Significance

  • The key finding of the study was the identification of a total of 1484 upregulated and 691 downregulated genes following the longer runs, whereas just 13 upregulated and 8 downregulated genes were noticed after the shorter runs. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) according to the run length indicated the significant impact of endurance runs on the biological and genetic operations of the horses.
  • It was discovered that the main biological processes and pathways influenced by these DEGs were primarily those related to stress response, including interleukin production and the activation of the inflammatory system, as well as those related to metabolism, such as the carbohydrate catabolic process, lipid biosynthesis, and NADP metabolic process.
  • This finding is particularly important as the identified genes involved in these processes can be used as markers for monitoring and assessing a horse’s performance on endurance runs. These genetic markers can help to avoid placing excessive demands on horses requiring endurance performance, and in addition, could assist in determining a horse’s suitability for participating in endurance races.

Conclusion

  • The research provides a valuable understanding of the stress and performance capabilities in endurance horses from a genetic perspective. Understanding these genetic changes can contribute positively towards better training practices, improved health and welfare of the horses, and a more specified breeding program targeted towards enhancing endurance performance.

Cite This Article

APA
Reißmann M, Rajavel A, Kokov ZA, Schmitt AO. (2023). Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes after Endurance Runs in Karbadian Horses to Determine Candidates for Stress Indicators and Performance Capability. Genes (Basel), 14(11), 1982. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14111982

Publication

Genes
ISSN: 2073-4425
NlmUniqueID: 101551097
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 11
PII: 1982

Researcher Affiliations

Reißmann, Monika
  • Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany.
Rajavel, Abirami
  • Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August University, Margarethe von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
Kokov, Zaur A
  • Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Kabardino-Balkarian State University, Chernyshevsky 173, Nalchik 360004, Russia.
Schmitt, Armin O
  • Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August University, Margarethe von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
  • Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Georg-August University, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses / genetics
  • Transcriptome
  • Physical Conditioning, Animal

Grant Funding

  • Az.: 85 858 / Volkswagen Stiftung, Germany

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Yang L, Li P, Huang X, Wang C, Zeng Y, Wang J, Yao X, Meng J. Effects of Combined Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Training on Athletic Performance of 2-Year-Old Trot-Type Yili Horses. Genes (Basel) 2025 Feb 4;16(2).
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