Immune Relevant Models for Ocular Inflammatory Diseases.
Abstract: Ocular inflammatory diseases, such as dry eye and uveitis, are common, painful, difficult to treat, and may result in vision loss or blindness. Ocular side effects from the use of antiinflammatory drugs (such as corticosteroids or nonsteroidal antiinflammatories) to treat ocular inflammation have prompted development of more specific and safer medications to treat inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases of the eye. To assess the efficacy and safety of these new therapeutics, appropriate immune-relevant animal models of ocular inflammation are needed. Both induced and naturally-occurring models have been described, but the most valuable for translating treatments to the human eye are the animal models of spontaneous, immunologic ocular disease, such as those with dry eye or uveitis. The purpose of this review is to describe common immune-relevant models of dry eye and uveitis with an overview of the immuno-pathogenesis of each disease and reported evaluation of models from small to large animals. We will also review a selected group of naturally-occurring large animal models, equine uveitis and canine dry eye, that have promise to translate into a better understanding and treatment of clinical immune-relevant ocular disease in man.
© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Publication Date: 2018-02-24 PubMed ID: 29474707DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily002Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research paper examines the need for immune-relevant animal models to test new therapeutic options for common ocular inflammatory diseases like dry eye and uveitis, aiming to recognize the most beneficial models to transfer treatments to humans.
Overview of the Research
The research is set against the backdrop of ocular inflammatory diseases, namely dry eye and uveitis. Due to the limitations and side effects of using anti-inflammatory drugs, like corticosteroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, the development of alternate, safer treatment methods has gained urgency.
- These methods mainly focus on the treatment of inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases of the eye, which need to be tested effectively and safely.
- For the purpose of this research, animal models that are relevant to the immune system and ocular inflammation are used for testing.
Induced and Naturally-occurring Models
The paper describes both induced and naturally-occurring models of ocular inflammation.
- Induced models involve the infliction of a disease in an animal for the purpose of research.
- Naturally-occurring models involve studying disease that arises spontaneously in animals which is similar to the human condition.
- However, this paper argues that the models of most value for translating human treatments are those that involve spontaneous, immunologic ocular disease in animals.
Common Immune-Relevant Models of Dry Eye and Uveitis
The study provides a detailed review of various immune-relevant models of dry eye and uveitis.
- The review touches upon the immuno-pathogenesis of each disease – relating to the pathogenic mechanisms involved in immune responses.
- It also reports on the evaluation of models from small animals to large ones.
Naturally-Occurring Large Animal Models
A selected group of naturally occurring large animal models, such as equine uveitis and canine dry eye, are taken under review.
- The studies infer that these natural models in larger animals have great potential to translate into a better understanding and treatment of clinical, immune-relevant ocular disease in humans.
Cite This Article
APA
Gilger BC.
(2018).
Immune Relevant Models for Ocular Inflammatory Diseases.
ILAR J, 59(3), 352-362.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ily002 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Professor of Ophthalmology, Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Eye Diseases / immunology
- Inflammation / immunology
- Uveitis / immunology
Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Crabtree E, Uribe K, Smith SM, Roberts D, Salmon JH, Bower JJ, Song L, Bastola P, Hirsch ML, Gilger BC. Inhibition of experimental autoimmune uveitis by intravitreal AAV-Equine-IL10 gene therapy.. PLoS One 2022;17(8):e0270972.
- Gilger BC, Hirsch ML. Therapeutic Applications of Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Gene Transfer of HLA-G in the Eye.. Int J Mol Sci 2022 Mar 23;23(7).
- Yu Y, Chow DWY, Lau CML, Zhou G, Back W, Xu J, Carim S, Chau Y. A bioinspired synthetic soft hydrogel for the treatment of dry eye.. Bioeng Transl Med 2021 Sep;6(3):e10227.
- Crabtree E, Song L, Llanga T, Bower JJ, Cullen M, Salmon JH, Hirsch ML, Gilger BC. AAV-mediated expression of HLA-G1/5 reduces severity of experimental autoimmune uveitis.. Sci Rep 2019 Dec 27;9(1):19864.
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