FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Frontiers in immunology2024; 15; 1347164; doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1347164

Immunoproteomics enable broad identification of new Aspergillus fumigatus antigens in severe equine asthma.

Abstract: Severe equine asthma (SEA) is a common chronic disease of adult horses with characteristic recurrent airway obstruction and similarities to neutrophilic asthma in humans. As an extrinsic stimulus, hay dust exposure is a major risk factor and induces acute exacerbation in susceptible horses. However, single inducing agents of SEA have hardly been identified on a molecular basis. () is a common mold species in hay and has been described as a major provoking agent of SEA. Unassigned: Aiming to identify disease-relevant antigens, we analyzed using an immunoproteomics approach on two-dimensional immunoblots of protein probed with serum from environmentally matched asthmatic and healthy horses (n=5 pairs). binding serum immunoglobulins (Pan-Ig), and the isotypes IgG4/7 and IgG3/5 were quantified for each protein spot and then compared between asthmatic and healthy horses. Unassigned: For 21 out of 289 spots serum immunoglobulin (Ig) binding was different between the two groups for Pan-Ig or the isotypes. If differences were detected, Pan-Ig and IgG4/7 binding to the proteins were lower, while IgG3/5 binding was higher in asthmatic than healthy horse sera. Proteins were extracted from the 21 spots of interest and analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Eight prioritized proteins (candidate antigens) were expressed as recombinant proteins. Some of these have been previously described as major or minor allergens, alongside other proteins, most with hydrolase activity. Recombinant candidate antigens were tested on 1D immunoblots to confirm their relevance as antigens by serum antibody binding. Four proteins (beta-hexosaminidase, class II aldolase/adducin domain protein, glucoamylase, peptide hydrolase B0XX53) showed different antibody binding characteristics between asthmatic and healthy horses and are likely relevant antigens in SEA. Their identification can provide the basis for innovative diagnostics, prevention, or therapeutic approaches. Additionally, a more profound understanding of SEA and its potential underlying mechanisms can be established. Elevated serum IgG3/5 antibodies correlate with T helper cell 2 responses in other equine pathologies, and the recombinant SEA antigens developed here can become instrumental in analyzing the involvement of SEA-specific T cell responses and Ig responses in future studies.
Copyright © 2024 Jentsch, Lübke, Schrödl, Volke, Krizsan, Hoffmann, Kaiser-Thom, Gerber, Marti, Wagner and Schnabel.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2024-02-29 PubMed ID: 38487534PubMed Central: PMC10937411DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1347164Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses the identification of new antigenic proteins in a common mold species known as Aspergillus fumigatus, which may play a role in the development of severe equine asthma, a common chronic ailment in adult horses.

Identification of Antigens via Immunoproteomics

  • The research involved an immunoproteomics approach to identifying antigens, relevant to the disease, from the mold Aspergillus fumigatus. Immunoproteomics is a scientific approach that involves identifying and studying the interactions between proteins and the immune system.
  • Specifically, the researchers looked for differences in the binding of serum immunoglobulins (antibodies) from asthmatic and healthy horses to proteins of this mold. This was done by comparing signals from 2D immunoblots of the mold’s protein probed with horse serum.
  • A group of 21 out of 289 protein spots were identified where immunoglobulin (Ig) binding differed between the two groups of horses.

Analysis & Findings

  • The differences observed were such that pan-immunoglobulins (Pan-Ig) and IgG4/7 binding were generally lower, while IgG3/5 binding was elevated in the asthmatic horses as compared to the healthy ones.
  • Protein extraction and analysis were conducted on the 21 identified spots to study the different antigens. These were then prioritized and the top eight were expressed as recombinant proteins.
  • Some of these proteins had been previously identified as being major or minor allergens, while others were first-time findings.
  • The majority of these proteins were found to have hydrolase activity.

Confirming Antigen Relevance

  • These recombinant proteins were then further tested using 1D immunoblots to confirm their relevance as antigens by checking if serum antibodies bound to them.
  • Ultimately, four proteins (beta-hexosaminidase, class II aldolase/adducin domain protein, glucoamylase, and peptide hydrolase B0XX53) displayed different antibody binding characteristics when comparing asthmatic and healthy horses, showing their likely relevance as antigens in severe equine asthma.
  • Identifying these antigens not only helps develop better diagnostics, prevention strategies, and therapeutic approaches for this disease, but also provides a deeper understanding of its mechanisms.

Future Research

  • The elevated IgG3/5 antibodies in asthmatic horses likely reveal a correlation with T helper cell 2 responses, as seen in other equine disorders. Thus, the antigens developed in this study could greatly aid future research in exploring their involvement in specific T cell responses and Ig responses associated with severe equine asthma.

Cite This Article

APA
Jentsch MC, Lübke S, Schrödl W, Volke D, Krizsan A, Hoffmann R, Kaiser-Thom S, Gerber V, Marti E, Wagner B, Schnabel CL. (2024). Immunoproteomics enable broad identification of new Aspergillus fumigatus antigens in severe equine asthma. Front Immunol, 15, 1347164. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1347164

Publication

Frontiers in immunology
ISSN: 1664-3224
NlmUniqueID: 101560960
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 15
Pages: 1347164
PII: 1347164

Researcher Affiliations

Jentsch, Maria-Christin
  • Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
Lübke, Sabrina
  • Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
Schrödl, Wieland
  • Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
Volke, Daniela
  • Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
Krizsan, Andor
  • Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
Hoffmann, Ralf
  • Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
Kaiser-Thom, Sarah
  • Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Gerber, Vinzenz
  • Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Marti, Eliane
  • Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Wagner, Bettina
  • Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
Schnabel, Christiane L
  • Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Humans
  • Adult
  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Aspergillus fumigatus
  • Asthma / veterinary
  • Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
  • Antigens, Fungal
  • Immunoglobulin G

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 60 references
  1. Hotchkiss J, Reid S, Christley R. A survey of horse owners in Great Britain regarding horses in their care. Part 2: Risk factors for recurrent airway obstruction.. Equine Vet J (2007) 39:301–8.
    doi: 10.2746/042516407x180129pubmed: 17722720google scholar: lookup
  2. Couëtil LL, Cardwell JM, Gerber V, Lavoie J-P, Léguillette R, Richard EA. Inflammatory airway disease of orses-revised consensus statement.. J Vet Intern Med (2016) 30:503–15.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.13824pmc: PMC4913592pubmed: 26806374google scholar: lookup
  3. Pirie R, Collie D, Dixon P, McGorum B. Evaluation of nebulised hay dust suspensions (HDS) for the diagnosis and investigation of heaves. 2: Effects of inhaled HDS on control and heaves horses.. Equine Vet J (2002) 34:337–42.
    doi: 10.2746/042516402776249074pubmed: 12117104google scholar: lookup
  4. Leclere M, Lavoie-Lamoureux A, Lavoie J-P. Heaves, an asthma-like disease of horses.. Respirology (2011) 16:1027–46.
    doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0300OCpubmed: 21824219google scholar: lookup
  5. Couetil L, Cardwell JM, Leguillette R, Mazan M, Richard E, Bienzle D. Equine asthma: current understanding and future directions.. Front Vet Sci (2020) 7:450.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00450pmc: PMC7438831pubmed: 32903600google scholar: lookup
  6. Svenningsen S, Nair P. Asthma endotypes and an overview of targeted therapy for asthma.. Front Med (Lausanne) (2017) 4:158.
    doi: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00158pmc: PMC5622943pubmed: 29018800google scholar: lookup
  7. Eder C, Crameri R, Mayer C, Eicher R, Straub R, Gerber H. Allergen-specific IgE levels against crude mould and storage mite extracts and recombinant mould allergens in sera from horses affected with chronic bronchitis.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol (2000) 73:241–53.
    doi: 10.1016/S0165-2427(00)00154-9pubmed: 10713338google scholar: lookup
  8. Séguin V, Lemauviel-Lavenant S, Garon D, Bouchart V, Gallard Y, Blanchet B. Effect of agricultural and environmental factors on the hay characteristics involved in equine respiratory disease.. Agriculture Ecosyst Environ (2010) 135:206–15.
    doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2009.09.012google scholar: lookup
  9. Ward MP, Couëtil LL. Climatic and aeroallergen risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in horses.. Am J Vet Res (2005) 66(5):818–24.
    doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.818pubmed: 15934609google scholar: lookup
  10. Robinson NE, Derksen FJ, Olszewski MA, Buechner-Maywell VA. The pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of horses.. Br Vet J (1996) 152:283.
    doi: 10.1016/S0007-1935(96)80101-1pubmed: 8762605google scholar: lookup
  11. Pirie R, Dixon P, McGorum B. Endotoxin contamination contributes to the pulmonary inflammatory and functional response to Aspergillus fumigatus extract inhalation in heaves horses.. Clin Exp Allergy (2003) 33:1289–96.
    doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2003.01651.xpubmed: 12956737google scholar: lookup
  12. McGorum B, Dixon P, Halliwell R. Quantification of histamine in plasma and pulmonary fluids from horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, before and after ‘natural (hay and straw) challenges’.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol (1993) 36:223–37.
    doi: 10.1016/0165-2427(93)90021-Upubmed: 8506613google scholar: lookup
  13. McPherson E, Lawson G, Murphy JR, Nicholson J, Breeze R, Pirie H. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in horses: aetiological studies: responses to intradermal and inhalation antigenic challenge.. Equine Vet J (1979) 11:159–66.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1979.tb01330.xpubmed: 385306google scholar: lookup
  14. Deinhofer K, Sevcik H, Balic N, Harwanegg C, Hiller R, Rumpold H. Microarrayed allergens for IgE profiling.. Methods (2004) 32:249–54.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2003.08.018pubmed: 14962759google scholar: lookup
  15. Valenta R, Lidholm J, Niederberger V, Hayek B, Kraft D, Grönlund H. The recombinant allergen-based concept of component-resolved diagnostics and immunotherapy (CRD and CRIT).. Clin Exp Allergy (1999) 29:896–904.
    doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00653.xpubmed: 10383589google scholar: lookup
  16. Klier J, Geis S, Steuer J, Geh K, Reese S, Fuchs S. A comparison of nanoparticullate CpG immunotherapy with and without allergens in spontaneously equine asthma-affected horses, an animal model.. Immun Inflamm Dis (2018) 6:81–96.
    doi: 10.1002/iid3.198pmc: PMC5818452pubmed: 29094511google scholar: lookup
  17. Dirscherl P, Grabner A, Buschmann H. Responsiveness of basophil granulocytes of horses suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to various allergens.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol (1993) 38:217–27.
    doi: 10.1016/0165-2427(93)90082-Fpubmed: 7507274google scholar: lookup
  18. Schmallenbach K, Rahman I, Sasse H, Dixon P, Halliwell R, McGorum B. Studies on pulmonary and systemic Aspergillus fumigatus-specific IgE and IgG antibodies in horses affected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).. Vet Immunol Immunopathol (1998) 66:245–56.
    doi: 10.1016/S0165-2427(98)00202-5pubmed: 9880102google scholar: lookup
  19. Klier J, Lindner D, Reese S, Mueller R, Gehlen H. Comparison of four different allergy tests in equine asthma affected horses and allergen inhalation provocation test.. J Equine Vet Sci (2021) 102:103433.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103433pubmed: 34119204google scholar: lookup
  20. Künzle F, Gerber V, van der Haegen A, Wampfler B, Straub R, Marti E. IgE-bearing cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and allergen-specific IgE levels in sera from RAO-affected horses.. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med (2007) 54:40–7.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2007.00870.xpubmed: 17359454google scholar: lookup
  21. Verdon M, Lanz S, Rhyner C, Gerber V, Marti E. Allergen-specific immunoglobulin E in sera of horses affected with insect bite hypersensitivity, severe equine asthma or both conditions.. J Vet Intern Med (2019) 33:266–74.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.15355pmc: PMC6335542pubmed: 30520523google scholar: lookup
  22. Halliwell R, McGorum B, Irving P, Dixon P. Local and systemic antibody production in horses affected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol (1993) 38:201–15.
    doi: 10.1016/0165-2427(93)90081-Epubmed: 8291200google scholar: lookup
  23. Eder C, Curik I, Brem G, Crameri R, Bodo I, Habe F. Influence of environmental and genetic factors on allergen-specific immunoglobulin-E levels in sera from Lipizzan horses.. Equine Vet J (2001) 33:714–20.
    doi: 10.2746/042516401776249264pubmed: 11770995google scholar: lookup
  24. Wyler M, Sage SE, Marti E, White S, Gerber V. Protein microarray allergen profiling in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum of horses with asthma.. J Vet Intern Med (2023) 37:328–37.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.16600pmc: PMC9889601pubmed: 36479920google scholar: lookup
  25. Jonsdottir S, Cvitas I, Svansson V, Fettelschloss-Gabriel A, Torsteinsdottir S, Marti E. New strategies for prevention and treatment of insect bite hypersensitivity in horses.. Curr Derm Rep (2019) 8:303–12.
    doi: 10.1007/s13671-019-00279-wgoogle scholar: lookup
  26. Wagner B, Miller W, Morgan E, Hillegas J, Erb H, Leibold W. IgE and IgG antibodies in skin allergy of the horse.. Vet Res (2006) 37:813–25.
    doi: 10.1051/vetres:2006039pubmed: 16973120google scholar: lookup
  27. Wagner B. Immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin genes of the horse.. Dev Comp Immunol (2006) 30:155–64.
    doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2005.06.008pubmed: 16046236google scholar: lookup
  28. Morgan E, Miller W, Wagner B. A comparison of intradermal testing and detection of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in horses affected with skin hypersensitivity.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol (2007) 120:160–7.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.08.007pubmed: 17888519google scholar: lookup
  29. Raza F, Ivanek R, Freer H, Reiche D, Rose H, Torsteinsdóttir S. Cul o 2 specific IgG3/5 antibodies predicted Culicoides hypersensitivity in a group imported Icelandic horses.. BMC Vet Res (2020) 16:283.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02499-wpmc: PMC7418374pubmed: 32778104google scholar: lookup
  30. Ziegler A, Hamza E, Jonsdottir S, Rhyner C, Wagner B, Schüpbach G. Longitudinal analysis of allergen-specific IgE and IgG subclasses as potential predictors of insect bite hypersensitivity following first exposure to Culicoides in Icelandic horses.. Vet Dermatol (2018) 29:51–e22.
    doi: 10.1111/vde.12493pubmed: 28980353google scholar: lookup
  31. Scharrenberg A, Gerber V, Swinburne JE, Wilson AD, Klukowska-Rötzler J, Laumen E. IgE, IgGa, IgGb and IgG(T) serum antibody levels in offspring of two sires affected with equine recurrent airway obstruction.. Anim Genet (2010) 41 Suppl 2:131–7.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02122.xpubmed: 21070286google scholar: lookup
  32. Perkins G, Wagner B. The development of equine immunity: Current knowledge on immunology in the young horse.. Equine Vet J (2015) 47:267–74.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.12387pubmed: 25405920google scholar: lookup
  33. Wagner B. The immune system of horses and other equids.. Encyclopedia of immunobiology Oxford, Great Britain: Elsevier.
    doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-374279-7.12020-Xgoogle scholar: lookup
  34. Larson E, Wagner B. Viral infection and allergy - What equine immune responses can tell us about disease severity and protection.. Mol Immunol (2021) 135:329–41.
    doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.04.013pubmed: 33975251google scholar: lookup
  35. Kaiser-Thom S, Hilty M, Gerber V. Effects of hypersensitivity disorders and environmental factors on the equine intestinal microbiota.. Vet Q (2020) 40:97–107.
    doi: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1745317pmc: PMC7170319pubmed: 32189583google scholar: lookup
  36. Ramseyer A, Gaillard C, Burger D, Straub R, Jost U, Boog C. Effects of genetic and environmental factors on chronic lower airway disease in horses.. J Vet Intern Med (2007) 21: 149–56.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02941.xpubmed: 17338163google scholar: lookup
  37. Schnabel CL, Jentsch M-C, Lübke S, Kaiser-Thom S, Gerber V, Vrtala S. Immunoproteomics reveal increased serum IgG3/5 binding to Dermatophagoides and yeast protein antigens in severe equine asthma in a preliminary study.. Front Immunol (2023) 14:1293684.
    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1293684pmc: PMC10754955pubmed: 38162673google scholar: lookup
  38. Bradford M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding.. Anal Biochem (1976) 72: 248–54.
    doi: 10.1006/abio.1976.9999pubmed: 942051google scholar: lookup
  39. Ladner C, Yang J, Turner R, Edwards R. Visible fluorescent detection of proteins in polyacrylamide gels without staining.. Anal Biochem (2004) 326:13–20.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ab.2003.10.047pubmed: 14769330google scholar: lookup
  40. Lewis M, Wagner B, Woof JM. The different effector function capabilities of the seven equine IgG subclasses have implications for vaccine strategies.. Mol Immunol (2008) 45:818–27.
    doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.06pmc: PMC2075531pubmed: 17669496google scholar: lookup
  41. Keggan A, Freer H, Rollins A, Wagner B. Production of seven monoclonal equine immunoglobulins isotyped by multiplex analysis.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol (2013) 153: 153(3–4) 187–93.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.02.010pubmed: 23541920google scholar: lookup
  42. Sheoran A, Lunn D, Holmes M. Monoclonal antibodies to subclass-specific antigenic determinants on equine immunoglobulin gamma chains and their characterization.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol (1998) 62:153–65.
    doi: 10.1016/S0165-2427(97)00162-1pubmed: 9638859google scholar: lookup
  43. Lunn D, Holmes M, Atczak D, Agerwal N, Baker J, Bendali-Ahcence S. Report of the second equine leucocyte antigen workshop, Squaw Valley, California, July 1995.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol (1998) 62):101–43.
    doi: 10.1016/s0165-2427(97)00160-8pubmed: 9638857google scholar: lookup
  44. Reisner AH, Nemes P, Bucholtz C. The Use of coomassie Brilliant Blue G250 perchloric acid dolution for staining in electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels.. Anal Biochem (1975) 64: 509–16.
    doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(75)90461-3pubmed: 165746google scholar: lookup
  45. Rojas E, Juan C, Milkovska-Stamenova S, Hoffmann R. A workflow towards the reproducible identification and quantitation of protein carbonylation sites in human plasma.. Antioxidants (Basel) (2021) 10: 1–21.
    doi: 10.3390/antiox10030369pmc: PMC7999155pubmed: 33804523google scholar: lookup
  46. Gupta SK, Srivastava M, Osmanoglu Ö, Xu Z, Brakhage AA, Dandekar T. Aspergillus fumigatus versus genus Aspergillus: conservation, adaptive evolution and specific virulence genes.. Microorganisms (2021) 9: 1–26.
    doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9102014pmc: PMC8539515pubmed: 34683335google scholar: lookup
  47. Ivester KM, Couëtil LL, Zimmerman NJ. Investigating the link between particulate exposure and airway inflammation in the horse.. J Vet Intern Med (2014) 28:1653–65.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.12458pmc: PMC4895611pubmed: 25273818google scholar: lookup
  48. Chaudhary N, Marr K A. Impact of Aspergillus fumigatus in allergic airway diseases.. Clin Trans Allergy (2011) 1: 1–7.
    doi: 10.1186/2045-7022-1-4pmc: PMC3294627pubmed: 22410255google scholar: lookup
  49. Nierman W, Pain A, Anderson M, Wortman JR, Kim H, Arroyo J. Genomic sequence of the pathogenic and allergenic filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus.. Nature (2005) 438:1151–6.
    doi: 10.1038/nature04332pubmed: 16372009google scholar: lookup
  50. Kleiber C, McGorum BC, Horohov DW, Pirie RS, Zurbriggen A, Straub R. Cytokine profiles of peripheral blood and airway CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes in horses with recurrent airway obstruction.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol (2005) 104:91–7.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.10.002pubmed: 15661334google scholar: lookup
  51. Gressler AE, Lübke S, Wagner B, Arnold C, Lohmann KL, Schnabel CL. Comprehensive flow cytometric characterization of bronchoalveolar lavage cells indicates comparable phenotypes between asthmatic and healthy horses but functional lymphocyte differences.. Front Immunol (2022) 13:896255.
    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.896255pmc: PMC9296846pubmed: 35874777google scholar: lookup
  52. Giguère S, Vielb L, Leea E, MacKaya RJ, Hernandeza J, Franchinic M. Cytokine induction in pulmonary airways of horses with heaves and effect of therapy with inhaled fluticasone propionate.. Vet Immunol Immunopathol (2002)85: 147–58.
    doi: 10.1016/s0165-2427(01)00420-2pubmed: 11943316google scholar: lookup
  53. Namvar S, Warn P, Farnell E, Bromley M, Fraczek M, Bowyer P. Aspergillus fumigatus proteases, Asp f 5 and Asp f 13, are essential for airway inflammation and remodelling in a murine inhalation model.. Clin Exp Allergy (2015) 45:982–93.
    doi: 10.1111/cea.12426pubmed: 25270353google scholar: lookup
  54. Abad A, Fernández MJV, Bikandi J, Ramírez A, Margareto J, Sendino J. What makes Aspergillus fumigatus a successful pathogen? Genes and molecules involved in invasive aspergillosis.. Rev Iberoam Micol (2010) 27:155–82.
    doi: 10.1016/j.riam.2010.10.003pubmed: 20974273google scholar: lookup
  55. Ramirez-Garcia A, Pellon A, Buldain I, Antoran A, Arbizu-Delgado A, Guruceaga X. Proteomics as a tool to identify new targets against Aspergillus and Scedosporium in the context of cystic fibrosis.. Mycopathologia (2018) 183:273–89.
    doi: 10.1007/s11046-017-0139-3pubmed: 28484941google scholar: lookup
  56. Singh B, Oellerich M, Kumar R, Kumar M, Bhadoria D, Reichard U. Immuno-reactive molecules identified from the secreted proteome of Aspergillus fumigatus.. J Proteome Res (2010) 9:5517–29.
    doi: 10.1021/pr100604xpubmed: 20828163google scholar: lookup
  57. Beauvais A, Monod M, Debeaupuis JP, Diaquin M, Kobayashi H, Latgé JP. Biochemical and antigenic characterization of a new dipeptidyl-peptidase isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus.. J Biol Chem (1997) 272:6238–44.
    doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.10.6238pubmed: 9045640google scholar: lookup
  58. Jost U, Klukowska-Rötzler J, Dolf G, Swinburne JE, Ramseyer A, Bugno M. A region on equine chromosome 13 is linked to recurrent airway obstruction in horses.. Equine Vet J (2007) 39:236–41.
    doi: 10.2746/042516407x171110pubmed: 17520975google scholar: lookup
  59. Ewart SL, Robinson NE. Genes and respiratory disease: a first step on a long journey.. Equine Vet J (2007) 39:270–4.
    doi: 10.2746/042516407x194296pubmed: 17520980google scholar: lookup
  60. Simões J, Tilley P. Decision making in severe equine asthma-diagnosis and monitoring.. Anim (Basel) (2023) 13: 1–18.
    doi: 10.3390/ani13243872pmc: PMC10740644pubmed: 38136909google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Wjst VF, Lübke S, Wagner B, Rhyner C, Jentsch MC, Arnold C, Lohmann KL, Schnabel CL. Aspergillus fumigatus antigen-reactive Th17 cells are enriched in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in severe equine asthma. Front Immunol 2024;15:1367971.
    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1367971pubmed: 39229267google scholar: lookup
  2. Jentsch MC, Keilhaue A, Wagner B, Rhyner C, Lübke S, Karagulyan M, Arnold C, Lohmann KL, Schnabel CL. Aspergillus fumigatus binding IgA and IgG1 are increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of horses with neutrophilic asthma. Front Immunol 2024;15:1406794.
    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1406794pubmed: 38953030google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,727 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.