FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho2024; 95(1); e70007; doi: 10.1111/asj.70007

Impact of the mare colostral immunoglobulins on the expression of TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7 in foals.

Abstract: Colostrum contains substances such as hormones, enzymes, polyamides, nucleic acid derivatives, and amino acid derivatives and also includes immunomodulating substances, proline-rich polypeptides, immunoglobulins (Ig) as well as bacteriostatic compounds. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of colostral Ig on the level of expression of selected Toll-like receptor genes (TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7). The experiments were conducted on 25 Polish Pony foals. Blood samples were collected according to the following scheme: before first suckling, at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 10th, 20th, and 30th, day of age. Colostrum was obtained before the first suckling, 24 hr, and 3 days after the delivery. Gene expression analyses were performed on Illumina Eco using a commercial kit TaqMan®MGB probes. The quality of colostrum was assessed via refractometer and BRIX value. The total Ig level was calculated from the spectrophotometric method. IgG levels were measured using ELISA assay. The quality of colostrum significantly correlated with TLR4 and TLR7 expression. Foals that ingested colostrum with low Ig content displayed a higher level of TLR4 gene expression, while in the case of TLR7 the opposite trend was shown. This result indicates that colostrum may play an important role in shaping the mechanisms of building the immune system's response to bacterial pathogens.
© 2024 Japanese Society of Animal Science.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2024-11-13 PubMed ID: 39523490DOI: 10.1111/asj.70007Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates how immunoglobulins (Ig) in colostrum, the first form of milk, affects the expression of specific genes (TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7) in foals. The findings suggest that the quality of colostrum can influence the immune response to bacterial pathogens in young horses.

Research Methodology

  • The research was conducted on 25 Polish Pony foals.
  • Blood samples were collected from these foals at various time intervals: before their first colostrum intake, on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 10th, 20th, and 30th day of age.
  • Colostrum samples were obtained before the first feeding, at 24 hours, and at 3 days following birth. The quality of the colostrum was gauged using a refractometer and BRIX value, which measure the sugar content in the colostrum.
  • Different laboratory tests, including a spectrophotometric method and ELISA assay, were used to evaluate the total Ig and IgG levels in the colostrum.
  • Gene expression was analyzed using Illumina Eco and a commercial TaqMan®MGB probe kit – a PCR-based method that allows for the amplification and detection of specific gene sequences.

Study Findings

  • The quality of colostrum had a notable correlation with the expression of TLR4 and TLR7 genes. These genes are part of the toll-like receptor family, which plays a crucial role in the innate immune system.
  • Foals that consumed colostrum with low Ig content showed an increased level of TLR4 gene expression. Overexpression of the TLR4 gene is generally associated with an enhanced immune response towards bacterial infections.
  • In contrast, for TLR7, the trend was reversed. Foals consuming colostrum with higher Ig levels showed higher expression of TLR7. TLR7 is known to recognize viral nucleic acids and its expression is typically seen to increase during viral infections.

Significance of the Study

  • This study vaguely indicates that colostrum quality, specifically its Ig content, may have an influence on the development of the foal’s immune system. High-quality colostrum (with higher Ig content) may aid in preparing the neonate’s immune system for potential bacterial and viral pathogens.

Cite This Article

APA
Migdał A, Migdał Ł, Oczkowicz M, Tombarkiewicz B, Okólski A. (2024). Impact of the mare colostral immunoglobulins on the expression of TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7 in foals. Anim Sci J, 95(1), e70007. https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.70007

Publication

Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho
ISSN: 1740-0929
NlmUniqueID: 100956805
Country: Australia
Language: English
Volume: 95
Issue: 1
Pages: e70007

Researcher Affiliations

Migdał, Anna
  • Department of Genetics, Animal Breeding and Ethology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland.
Migdał, Łukasz
  • Department of Genetics, Animal Breeding and Ethology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland.
Oczkowicz, Maria
  • Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Poland.
Tombarkiewicz, Barbara
  • Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland.
Okólski, Adam
  • Institute of Veterinary Science, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine UJ-UR, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses / immunology
  • Colostrum / chemistry
  • Colostrum / immunology
  • Toll-Like Receptor 3 / metabolism
  • Toll-Like Receptor 3 / genetics
  • Toll-Like Receptor 4 / metabolism
  • Toll-Like Receptor 4 / genetics
  • Toll-Like Receptor 7 / genetics
  • Toll-Like Receptor 7 / metabolism
  • Female
  • Immunoglobulins / metabolism
  • Immunoglobulins / genetics
  • Gene Expression / drug effects
  • Animals, Newborn
  • Immunoglobulin G
  • Animals, Suckling

Grant Funding

  • DS 3208 / Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland
  • SUB.2015-D201 / Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland

References

This article includes 39 references
  1. Barreto IG, Urbano SA, Oliveira CAA, Macêdo CS, Borba LHF, Chags BME, Rangel AHN. Chemical composition and lipid profile of mare colostrum and milk of the quarter horse breed. PLoS ONE 15(9):e0238921.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238921google scholar: lookup
  2. Burton AB, Wagner B, Erb HN, Ainsworth DM. Serum interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and IL‐10 concentrations in normal and septic neonatal foals. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 132:122–128.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.05.006google scholar: lookup
  3. Cash RSG. Colostral quality determined by refractometry. Equine Veterinary Education 11:36–38.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.1999.tb00916.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  4. Chadio S, Katsafadou A, Kotsampasi B, Michailidis G, Mountzouris KC, Kalogiannis D, Christodoulou V. Effects of maternal undernutrition during late gestation and/or lactation on colostrum synthesis and immunological parameters in the offspring. Reproduction and Fertility 28:384–393.
    doi: 10.1071/rd14147google scholar: lookup
  5. Cohen ND. Causes of and farm management factors associated with disease and death in foals. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 204:1644–1651.
    doi: 10.2460/javma.1994.204.10.1644google scholar: lookup
  6. Corley KT, Pearce G, Magdesian KG, Wilson WD. Bacteraemia in neonatal foals: Clinicopathological differences between gram‐positive and gram‐negative infections, and single organism and mixed infections. Equine Veterinary Journal 39:84–89.
    doi: 10.2746/042516407x157585google scholar: lookup
  7. Costa A, Sneddon NW, Goi A, Visentin G, Mammi LME, Savarino EV, Zingone F, Formigoni A, Penasa M, De Marchi M. Invited review: Bovine colostrum, a promising ingredient for humans and animals‐properties, processing technologies, and uses. Journal of Dairy Science 106:5197–5217.
    doi: 10.3168/jds.2022-23013google scholar: lookup
  8. Doreau M, Boulot S, Chilliard Y. Yield and composition of milk from lactating mares: Effect of body condition at foaling. Journal of Dairy Science 60:457–466.
  9. Ghaffari MH, Sadri H, Steinhoff-Wagner J, Hammon HM, Sauerwein H. Effects of colostrum feeding on the mRNA abundance of genes related to toll‐like receptors, key antimicrobial defense molecules, and tight junctions in the small intestine of neonatal dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science 104:10363–10373.
    doi: 10.3168/jds.2021-20386google scholar: lookup
  10. Hamer K, Bellingham M, Evans NP, Jones RO, Denholm KS. Defining optimal thresholds for digital Brix refractometry to determine IgG concentration in ewe colostrum and lamb serum in Scottish lowland sheep flocks. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 218:105988.
    doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105988google scholar: lookup
  11. He Y, Lawlor NT, Newburg DS. Human Milk components modulate toll‐like receptor‐mediated. Inflammation 7:102–111.
  12. Heaton S, Borg N, Dixit V. Ubiquitin in the activation and attenuation of innate antiviral immunity. Journal of Experimental Medicine 11:1–13.
    doi: 10.1084/jem.20151531google scholar: lookup
  13. Jeffcott LB. Some practical aspects of the transfer of passive immunity to newborn foals. Equine Veterinary Journal 6:109–115.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1974.tb03942.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  14. Jensen S, Thomsen AR. Sensing of RNA viruses: A review of innate immune receptors involved in recognizing RNA virus invasion. Journal of Virology 86:2900–2910.
    doi: 10.1128/jvi.05738-11google scholar: lookup
  15. Kawai T, Akira S. Pathogen recognition with toll‐like receptors. Current Opinion in Immunology 17:338–344.
    doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2005.02.007google scholar: lookup
  16. Lemaitre B, Nicolas E, Michaut L, Reichhart JM, Hoffmann JA. The dorsoventral regulatory gene cassette spätzle/toll/cactus controls the potent antifungal response in drosophila adults. Cell 6:973–983.
    doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80172-5google scholar: lookup
  17. Marnila P, Korhonen H. Milk and colostrum. Encyclopedia of Diary Sciences 591-597.
    doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374407-4.00322-8google scholar: lookup
  18. Medzhitov R, Preston-Hurlburt P, Janeway CA. A human homologue of the drosophila toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity. Nature 388:394–397.
    doi: 10.1038/41131google scholar: lookup
  19. Migdał A, Migdał Ł, Oczkowicz M, Okólski A, Chełmońska-Soyta A. Influence of age and immunostimulation on the level of toll‐like receptor gene (TLR3, 4, and 7) expression in foals. Animals 10:1966.
    doi: 10.3390/ani10111966google scholar: lookup
  20. Migdał A, Migdał Ł, Okólski A, Chełmońska-Soyta A. Effectiveness of immunization with multi‐component bacterial immunomodulator in foals at 35th day of life. Scientific Reports 12:15795.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-17532-1google scholar: lookup
  21. Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P, Tokarz-Deptuła B, Deptuła W. The role of TLRs in viral infections – Selected data central. European Journal of Immunology 38:118–121.
  22. Orme I. Adaptive immunity to mycobacteria. Current Opinion in Microbiology 7:58–61.
    doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2003.11.002google scholar: lookup
  23. Osorio JS, Trevisi E, Ballou MA, Bertoni G, Drackley JK, Loor JJ. Effect of the level of maternal energy intake prepartum on immunometabolic markers, polymorphonuclear leukocyte function, and neutrophil gene network expression in neonatal Holstein heifer calves. Journal of Dairy Science 96:3573–3587.
    doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5759google scholar: lookup
  24. Peng X, Yan C, Hu L, Liu Y, Xu Q, Wang R, Qin L, Wu C, Fang Z, Lin Y, Xu S, Feng B, Zhuo Y, Li J, Wu CL. Effects of fat supplementation during gestation on reproductive performance, milk composition of sows and intestinal development of their offspring. Animals (Basel) 9(4):125.
    doi: 10.3390/ani9040125google scholar: lookup
  25. Pérez-Marín CC, Cano D, Arrebola FA, Petrusha VH, Skliarov PM, Entrenas JA, Pérez-Marín DC. Colostrum quality assessment in dairy goats: Use of an on‐farm optical refractometer. Biology 12:626.
    doi: 10.3390/biology12040626google scholar: lookup
  26. Riley CB, McClure JT, Low-Ying S, Shaw RA. Use of Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy for the diagnosis of failure of transfer of passive immunity and measurement of immunoglobulin concentrations in horses. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2:828–834.
  27. Russell CM, Axon JE, Blishen A, Begg AP. Blood culture isolates and antimicrobial sensitivities from 427 critically ill neonatal foals. Australian Veterinary Journal 86:266–271.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2008.00311.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  28. Schneider F, Wehrend A. Qualitätsbeurteilung von bovinen und equinen Kolostrum – Eine Übersicht [Quality Assessment of Bovine and Equine Colostrum ‐ An Overview]. Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde .
    doi: 10.17236/sat00205google scholar: lookup
  29. Schultz R. Transfer of humoral and cellular immunity through colostrum. Journal of Comparative Pathology S58.
  30. Ślebodziński A, Brzezińska-Ślebodzińska E, Lipczak W, Rosa E. Prosty kliniczny test określający poziom kompleksu immunogammaglobulinowego i białka całkowitego surowicy noworodków zwierząt użytkowych. Medycyna Weterynaryjna 89:442–446.
  31. Stewart AJ, Hinchcliff KW, Saville WJ, Jose-Cunilleras E, Hardy J, Kohn CW, Reed SM, Kowalski JJ. Actinobacillus sp. bacteremia in foals: Clinical signs and prognosis. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 16:464–471.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2002.tb01266.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  32. Takeda K, Kaisho T, Akira S. Toll−like receptors. Annual Review of Immunology 21:335–376.
    doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141126google scholar: lookup
  33. Tischner M, Niezgoda J, Wieczorek E, Mękarska A, Lisowska A. Ocena jakości siary klaczy. Medycyna Weterynaryjna 52:381–383.
  34. Turini L, Nocera I, Bonelli F, Mele M, Sgorbini M. Evaluation of Brix refractometry for the estimation of colostrum quality in jennies. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 92:103172.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103172google scholar: lookup
  35. Venner M, Markus RG, Strutzberg-Minder K, Nogai K, Beyerbach M, Klug E. Evaluation of immunoglobulin G concentration in colostrum of mares by ELISA, refractometry and colostrometry. Berliner Und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift 121(1–2):66–72.
  36. West AP, Koblansky AA, Ghosh S. Recognition and signaling by toll‐like receptors. Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 22:409–437.
    doi: 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.122303.115827google scholar: lookup
  37. Włodarczyk-Szydłowska A, Gniazdowski A, Gniazdowski M, Nowacki W. Intestinal absorption of colostral immunoglobulins in newborn foals. Życie Wet 80:631–634.
  38. Wong DM, Ruby RE, Dembek KA, Barr BS, Reuss SM, Magdesian KG, Olsen E, Burns T, Slovis NM, Wilkins PA. Evaluation of updated sepsis scoring systems and systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria and their association with sepsis in equine neonates. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 32(3):1185–1193.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.15087google scholar: lookup
  39. Zhu H, Yang Y, Wu T, Qi X, Huang D, Han R, Chen S, Tang J, Ren M, Zhao X. Bovine colostrum promoted ileal health in newborn lambs at 24 h after birth: Insight from intestinal morphology and innate immunity. Animal 16:100592.
    doi: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100592google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 0 times.
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 100,127 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.