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Equine veterinary journal2024; 57(4); 1118-1126; doi: 10.1111/evj.14423

In vitro antimicrobial activity of non-traditional therapies for infectious endometritis in mares.

Abstract: Endometritis is the leading cause of subfertility in horses, and it is a clinical problem where historically antibiotics have not always been used with prudent justification. Because of this, alternative therapies to treat endometritis are necessary for the rational use of antibiotics. Objective: To assess the in vitro antimicrobial activity of non-traditional therapies commonly used in clinical practice against microorganisms causing infectious endometritis in mares. Methods: In vitro experiments. Methods: A microdilution technique was performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 50%, 90% and 100% of microorganisms and the percentage of inhibition (PI) of each therapy against each microorganism (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida sp.). The MIC 50% and 90% were determined using non-linear regression, while MIC 100% was assessed using the resazurin dye technique. The serial PI was evaluated for each therapy using a spectrophotometer. Results: All the therapies demonstrated a PI higher than positive controls for all microorganisms (p < 0.05); however, the only therapies that presented MIC 100 values were hydrogen peroxide and platelet-rich and -poor plasma. Conclusions: In vivo, safety and treatment efficacy were not tested. Conclusions: Hydrogen peroxide and platelet-rich and -poor plasma might be alternatives to traditional therapies for endometritis to support a reduction in antibiotic use.
© 2024 The Author(s). Equine Veterinary Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of EVJ Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2024-10-21 PubMed ID: 39431554PubMed Central: PMC12135747DOI: 10.1111/evj.14423Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates the effectiveness of non-traditional therapies against bacteria causing endometritis in horses. The in-vitro tests highlight that hydrogen peroxide and plasma treatments could provide alternatives to antibiotics.

Objective and Methodology

These researchers worked towards evaluating the antimicrobial activity of alternative therapies commonly used in clinical practice against bacteria causing endometritis in horses. Endometritis is an inflammation of the inner layer of the uterus which is a leading cause of subfertility in horses.

  • A microdilution technique was used to ascertain the lowest amount (minimum inhibitory concentrations or MIC) of a therapy required to inhibit the growth of these bacteria by 50%, 90%, and 100%.
  • The bacteria they focused on were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and fungus Candida sp.
  • They also evaluated the percentage of inhibition (PI) of each therapy against each microorganism.
  • Non-linear regression was utilised for determining MIC at 50% and 90% level while the resazurin dye technique helped determine the concentration for 100% inhibition.
  • The serial percentage inhibition for each therapy was checked using a spectrophotometer.

Outcome of the Study

The study brings to light that all tested therapies showed percentage inhibition higher than the positive controls for all studied organisms.

  • However, only hydrogen peroxide and plasma therapies, both rich and poor in platelets, showed 100% inhibition at specific concentrations.

Conclusion

While the study does indicate that hydrogen peroxide and plasma therapies might be alternatives to traditional antibiotic treatments, it also highlights the limitations of the investigation.

  • The antimicrobial effectiveness of these therapies was tested only in vitro and not on live subjects (in vivo).
  • The researchers have not tested for the safety and efficacy of the treatment in practice.
  • Despite these limitations, the study provides essential insights and triggers a need for more extensive in vivo studies in the future.

Cite This Article

APA
Mazzuchini MP, Lisboa FP, de Castro JI, Alvarenga MA, Segabinazzi LGTM, Canisso IF. (2024). In vitro antimicrobial activity of non-traditional therapies for infectious endometritis in mares. Equine Vet J, 57(4), 1118-1126. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14423

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 57
Issue: 4
Pages: 1118-1126

Researcher Affiliations

Mazzuchini, Mariana P
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA.
  • Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
Lisboa, Fernando Paixão
  • Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
de Castro, Jessica I
  • Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Alvarenga, Marco A
  • Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
Segabinazzi, Lorenzo G T M
  • Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.
Canisso, Igor F
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Female
  • Endometritis / veterinary
  • Endometritis / microbiology
  • Endometritis / therapy
  • Endometritis / drug therapy
  • Horses
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horse Diseases / therapy
  • Horse Diseases / drug therapy
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests / veterinary
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Bacteria / drug effects
  • Candida / drug effects
  • Bacterial Infections / veterinary
  • Bacterial Infections / drug therapy
  • Bacterial Infections / microbiology
  • Anti-Infective Agents / therapeutic use
  • Anti-Infective Agents / pharmacology
  • Hydrogen Peroxide / therapeutic use
  • Hydrogen Peroxide / pharmacology

Grant Funding

  • 2021/05152-0 / São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Mazzuchini MP, Canisso IF. The Apparent pH Stability of Antibiotic Preparations Used for Uterine Infusions in Mares. Animals (Basel) 2026 Jan 26;16(3).
    doi: 10.3390/ani16030382pubmed: 41681363google scholar: lookup
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