In vitro evaluation of defined oligosaccharide fractions in an equine model of inflammation.
Abstract: Dietary supplementation with oligosaccharides has been proven to be beneficial for health in several mammalian species. Next to prebiotic effects resulting in a modulation of gut micro biota, immunomodulatory effects of oligosaccharides have been documented in vivo. Supplementation with defined oligosaccharide fractions has been shown to attenuate allergic responses and enhance defensive immune responses. Despite the accumulating evidence for immunomodulatory effects, very limited information is available regarding the direct mechanism of action of oligosaccharides. This study aims to elucidate the effects of selected oligosaccharide fractions on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammatory response in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We investigated three different products containing either galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) alone, a combination of GOS with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), and a triple combination of GOS and FOS with acidic oligosaccharides (AOS), at different concentrations. These products have been used in an identical composition in various previously published in vivo experiments. As the selected oligosaccharide fractions were derived from natural products, the fractions contained defined amounts of mono- and disaccharides and minor amounts of endotoxin, which was taken into account in the design of the study and the analysis of data. Acquired data were analysed in a Bayesian hierarchical linear regression model, accounting for variation between horses. Results: Exposing cultured PBMCs to either GOS or GOS/FOS fractions resulted in a substantial dose-dependent increase of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in LPS challenged PBMCs. In contrast, incubation with GOS/FOS/AOS resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of both TNF-α and interleukin-10 production following LPS challenge. In addition, incubation with GOS/FOS/AOS significantly increased the apparent PBMC viability, indicating a protective or mitogenic effect. Furthermore, mono- and disaccharide control fractions significantly stimulated the inflammatory response in LPS challenged PBMCs as well, though to a lesser extent than GOS and GOS/FOS fractions. Conclusions: We found distinct immunomodulating effects of the investigated standardised oligosaccharide fractions, which either stimulated or suppressed the LPS induced inflammatory response in PBMCs. Both scenarios require additional investigation, to elucidate underlying modulatory mechanisms, and to translate this knowledge into the clinical application of oligosaccharide supplements in foals and other neonates.
Publication Date: 2013-07-22 PubMed ID: 23875544PubMed Central: PMC3735501DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-147Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Evaluation Study
- Journal Article
- Animal Health
- Animal Studies
- Bayesian Analysis
- Cell Viability
- Dietary Supplements
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Equine model
- Immune Response
- Immunology
- Immunomodulatory
- In Vitro Research
- Inflammation
- Interleukins
- Lipopolysaccharide
- Mononuclear Cells
- Oligosaccharides
- Physiology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor
- Veterinary Research
Summary
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This research paper studies the positive health impacts of oligosaccharide supplementation on inflammation in horses. It analyzes the effects of different combinations of these dietary supplements and indicates they can stimulate or suppress immune responses, suggesting potential future clinical applications.
Overview
- The paper primarily focuses on the study of dietary supplementation with oligosaccharides and their effects on inflammation. With the aim to understand their direct mechanism of action, the study was conducted on equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
- Three products were examined: galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) alone, GOS with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), and a triple combination of GOS and FOS with acidic oligosaccharides (AOS), at various concentration levels. These components are derivatives of natural products, including a defined amount of mono- and disaccharides and minor amounts of endotoxin.
- The data gathered from the study was analyzed using a Bayesian hierarchical linear regression model, which took into account the variation between individual horses.
Findings
- Results revealed that exposing cultured PBMCs to either GOS or GOS/FOS combinations resulted in a significant, dose-dependent increase of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in inflammatory cells.
- In comparison, incubation with GOS/FOS/AOS resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of both TNF-α and interleukin-10 production following the inflammatory challenge.
- Furthermore, the use of GOS/FOS/AOS led to a significant increase in apparent PBMC viability, suggesting it had a protective or mitogenic effect on the cells.
- Also, the control fractions containing only mono- and disaccharides stimulated the inflammatory response, but not to the extent of GOS and GOS/FOS fractions.
Conclusion and Future Prospects
- The research discovered distinctive immunomodulating effects of the tested oligosaccharide fractions, leading to either a stimulation or suppression of the inflammatory response in PBMCs.
- These findings highlight the need for more in-depth research to understand the modulating mechanisms of oligosaccharides and then transfer this knowledge to clinical applications, specifically for foals and other neonates.
Cite This Article
APA
Vendrig JC, Coffeng LE, Fink-Gremmels J.
(2013).
In vitro evaluation of defined oligosaccharide fractions in an equine model of inflammation.
BMC Vet Res, 9, 147.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-9-147 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P,O, box 80152, 3508, TD Utrecht, The Netherlands. J.C.Vendrig@uu.nl
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bayes Theorem
- Biomarkers / metabolism
- Cell Survival / drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horse Diseases / metabolism
- Horses
- Immunomodulation
- Inflammation / immunology
- Inflammation / metabolism
- Inflammation / veterinary
- Interleukin-10 / metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear / drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear / metabolism
- Linear Models
- Lipopolysaccharides
- Monte Carlo Method
- Oligosaccharides / pharmacology
- Prebiotics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism
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Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Slawinska A, Dunislawska A, Plowiec A, Gonçalves J, Siwek M. TLR-Mediated Cytokine Gene Expression in Chicken Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells as a Measure to Characterize Immunobiotics. Genes (Basel) 2021 Jan 29;12(2).
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