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Frontiers in genetics2021; 12; 649599; doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.649599

Inflammation-Associated Microbiota Composition Across Domestic Animals.

Abstract: Domestic animals represent important resources for understanding shared mechanisms underlying complex natural diseases that arise due to both genetic and environmental factors. Intestinal inflammation, particularly inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is a significant health challenge in humans and domestic animals. While the etiology of IBD is multifactorial, imbalance of symbiotic gut microbiota has been hypothesized to play a central role in disease pathophysiology. Advances in genomic sequencing and analytical pipelines have enabled researchers to decipher the composition of the intestinal microbiota during health and in the context of naturally occurring diseases. This review compiles microbiome genomic data across domestic species and highlights a common occurrence of gut microbiome dysbiosis during idiopathic intestinal inflammation in multiple species, including dogs, cats, horses, cows, and pigs. Current microbiome data obtained from animals with intestinal inflammation are mostly limited to taxonomical analyses in association with broad clinical phenotype. In general, a pathogen or pathosymbiont were not detected. Rather, functional potential of the altered microbiota has been suggested to be one of the key etiologic factors. Among the domestic species studied, canine analyses are currently the most advanced with incorporation of functional profiling of microbiota. Canine IBD parallels features of the disease in humans, thus canines represent a strong natural model for human IBD. While deeper analyses of metagenomic data, coupled with host molecular analyses are needed, comparative studies across domestic species can reveal shared microbial alterations and regulatory mechanisms that will improve our understanding of intestinal inflammation in both animals and humans.
Copyright © 2021 Hashimoto-Hill and Alenghat.
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Publication Date: 2021-06-21 PubMed ID: 34239536PubMed Central: PMC8257562DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.649599Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research discusses the importance of domestic animals in understanding the role of gut microbiota in chronic diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and the common occurrence of gut microbiome dysbiosis during bouts of idiopathic intestinal inflammation in various species, such as dogs, cats, horses, cows, and pigs. The research highlights that alterations in microbiota may be key factors causing the disease, and using canine IBD as a natural model for human IBD could foster new insights into the disease.

Understanding Shared Mechanisms in Diseases

  • The research underscores the importance of studying domestic animals for gaining insights into complex diseases like IBD since they share genetic and environmental factors with humans.
  • Advancements in genomic sequencing have allowed researchers to study the composition of the intestinal microbiota in health and disease states. This is crucial as an imbalance in the gut microbiota is hypothesized to play a central role in IBD.

Dysbiosis in Gut Microbiota

  • The research finds that dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the gut microbiota, is common in multiple species during idiopathic intestinal inflammation.
  • Current data obtained from animals with intestinal inflammation are mostly limited to taxonomical analyses in association with broad clinical phenotype.
  • It is suggested that neither a pathogen nor pathosymbiont were detected during these ailments. Instead, the functional potential of the altered microbiota could be key to the onset of the disease.

Using Canine IBD as a Model

  • Canine analyses are the most advanced among the studied species, with research incorporating functional profiling of microbiota.
  • Canine IBD shares features with human IBD, making canines a strong natural model for studying the disease in human beings.

The Future of IBD Research

  • Deep metagenomic analyses, coupled with host molecular analyses, are needed to gain more insights into the disease.
  • Comparative studies across different species could reveal shared microbial alterations and regulatory mechanisms, thus improving our understanding of intestinal inflammation in both animals and humans.

Cite This Article

APA
Hashimoto-Hill S, Alenghat T. (2021). Inflammation-Associated Microbiota Composition Across Domestic Animals. Front Genet, 12, 649599. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.649599

Publication

Frontiers in genetics
ISSN: 1664-8021
NlmUniqueID: 101560621
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Pages: 649599

Researcher Affiliations

Hashimoto-Hill, Seika
  • Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
Alenghat, Theresa
  • Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.

Grant Funding

  • R01 DK114123 / NIDDK NIH HHS
  • R01 DK116868 / NIDDK NIH HHS

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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