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Veterinary sciences2023; 10(12); 673; doi: 10.3390/vetsci10120673

Influence of the Anatomical Site on Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells’ Biological Profile and Osteogenic Potential in Companion Animals.

Abstract: Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) have generated considerable interest in the field of veterinary medicine, particularly for their potential in therapeutic strategies focused on bone regeneration. These cells possess unique biological characteristics, including their regenerative capacity and their ability to produce bioactive molecules. However, it is crucial to recognize that the characteristics of ADSCs can vary depending on the animal species and the site from which they are derived, such as the subcutaneous and visceral regions (SCAT and VAT, respectively). Thus, the present work aimed to comprehensively review the different traits of ADSCs isolated from diverse anatomical sites in companion animals, i.e., dogs, cats, and horses, in terms of immunophenotype, morphology, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation potential. The findings indicate that the immunophenotype, proliferation, and osteogenic potential of ADSCs differ according to tissue origin and species. Generally, the proliferation rate is higher in VAT-derived ADSCs in dogs and horses, whereas in cats, the proliferation rate appears to be similar in both cells isolated from SCAT and VAT regions. In terms of osteogenic differentiation potential, VAT-derived ADSCs demonstrate the highest capability in cats, whereas SCAT-derived ADSCs exhibit superior potential in horses. Interestingly, in dogs, VAT-derived cells appear to have greater potential than those isolated from SCAT. Within the VAT, ADSCs derived from the falciform ligament and omentum show increased osteogenic potential, compared to cells isolated from other anatomical locations. Consequently, considering these disparities, optimizing isolation protocols becomes pivotal, tailoring them to the specific target species and therapeutic aims, and judiciously selecting the anatomical site for ADSC isolation. This approach holds promise to enhance the efficacy of ADSCs-based bone regenerative therapies.
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Publication Date: 2023-11-24 PubMed ID: 38133224PubMed Central: PMC10747344DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120673Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Overview

  • This research investigates how the source location of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) in companion animals affects their biological characteristics and ability to support bone regeneration.
  • The study reviews differences in cell properties depending on anatomical site and species—specifically in dogs, cats, and horses—to guide improved therapeutic applications.

Introduction to ADSCs and Their Importance

  • Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) are multipotent cells found in fat tissue that have the ability to regenerate tissue and produce bioactive molecules.
  • These properties make ADSCs valuable for veterinary regenerative medicine, especially for treatments aimed at repairing and regenerating bone.
  • However, the characteristics of ADSCs vary based on the species of the animal and the anatomical location of the adipose tissue from which they’re isolated.
  • Two primary fat locations of interest are subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT).

Aim of the Study

  • To comprehensively review and compare ADSCs from different anatomical fat deposits in dogs, cats, and horses.
  • Focus on evaluating key biological traits: immunophenotype (surface markers), morphology, cell proliferation rates, and the potential for osteogenic (bone-forming) differentiation.

Key Findings on Biological Profiles

  • Immunophenotype: ADSCs display varying surface markers depending on the tissue origin and species, affecting their identification and functional capacity.
  • Proliferation:
    • In dogs and horses, VAT-derived ADSCs proliferate at a higher rate compared to those from SCAT.
    • In cats, proliferation rates are similar regardless of whether ADSCs are isolated from SCAT or VAT.
  • Morphology: While details were less emphasized, morphology differences may correlate with the origin site and impact differentiation potential.

Osteogenic Differentiation Potential by Species and Anatomical Site

  • Cats: ADSCs from VAT have greater bone-forming potential than those from SCAT.
  • Horses: SCAT-derived ADSCs show superior osteogenic capacity compared to VAT-derived cells.
  • Dogs: Cells from VAT generally have higher osteogenic potential than those from SCAT.
  • Within the VAT, cells isolated from specific sites like the falciform ligament and omentum exhibit enhanced osteogenic differentiation capability relative to other VAT locations.

Implications for Veterinary Regenerative Medicine

  • The findings highlight the importance of carefully selecting the anatomical fat site when isolating ADSCs for therapeutic applications.
  • Species-specific differences mean that generalized protocols may not be optimal; isolation and culture methods should be customized according to the target animal and the intended regenerative goal.
  • Optimizing ADSC source selection and preparation can potentially improve the success rates and efficiency of bone regeneration treatments in companion animals.
  • Understanding these variations in ADSC biological profiles aids in advancing precision medicine approaches within veterinary care.

Conclusion

  • The anatomical origin of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells strongly influences their biological characteristics and osteogenic potential in dogs, cats, and horses.
  • Accounting for these differences by tailoring isolation practices according to species and fat depot source is essential to maximize the therapeutic effectiveness of ADSCs-based bone regeneration therapies.
  • This research provides a foundation for refining regenerative strategies in veterinary medicine, paving the way for improved clinical outcomes in companion animals.

Cite This Article

APA
Ferreira-Baptista C, Ferreira R, Fernandes MH, Gomes PS, Colaço B. (2023). Influence of the Anatomical Site on Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells’ Biological Profile and Osteogenic Potential in Companion Animals. Vet Sci, 10(12), 673. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10120673

Publication

Veterinary sciences
ISSN: 2306-7381
NlmUniqueID: 101680127
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 12
PII: 673

Researcher Affiliations

Ferreira-Baptista, Carla
  • Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
  • BoneLab-Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal.
  • REQUIMTE/LAQV, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal.
  • REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Ferreira, Rita
  • REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Fernandes, Maria Helena
  • BoneLab-Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal.
  • REQUIMTE/LAQV, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal.
Gomes, Pedro Sousa
  • BoneLab-Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal.
  • REQUIMTE/LAQV, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal.
Colaço, Bruno
  • Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
  • REQUIMTE/LAQV, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal.
  • CECAV-Animal and Veterinary Research Centre UTAD, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
  • Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.

Grant Funding

  • UIDB/50006/2020 | UIDP/50006/2020, UIDB/04033/2020, UIDB/CVT/00772/2020, LA/P/0059/2020, SFRH/BD/148830/2019 / Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
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