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Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2021; 10(4); 484; doi: 10.3390/pathogens10040484

Interferon Gamma Inhibits Equine Herpesvirus 1 Replication in a Cell Line-Dependent Manner.

Abstract: The sole equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) immediate-early protein (IEP) is essential for viral replication by transactivating viral immediate-early (IE), early (E), and late (L) genes. Here, we report that treatment of mouse MH-S, equine NBL6, and human MRC-5 cells with 20 ng/mL of IFN-γ reduced EHV-1 yield by 1122-, 631-, and 10,000-fold, respectively. However, IFN-γ reduced virus yield by only 2-4-fold in mouse MLE12, mouse L-M, and human MeWo cells compared to those of untreated cells. In luciferase assays with the promoter of the EHV-1 early regulatory EICP0 gene, IFN-γ abrogated -activation activity of the IEP by 96% in MH-S cells, but only by 21% in L-M cells. Similar results were obtained in assays with the early regulatory UL5 and IR4 promoter reporter plasmids. IFN-γ treatment reduced IEP protein expression by greater than 99% in MH-S cells, but only by 43% in L-M cells. The expression of IEP and UL5P suppressed by IFN-γ was restored by JAK inhibitor treatment, indicating that the inhibition of EHV-1 replication is mediated by JAK/STAT1 signaling. These results suggest that IFN-γ blocks EHV-1 replication by inhibiting the production of the IEP in a cell line-dependent manner. Affymetrix microarray analyses of IFN-γ-treated MH-S and L-M cells revealed that five antiviral ISGs (MX1, SAMHD1, IFIT2, NAMPT, TREX1, and DDX60) were upregulated 3.2-18.1-fold only in MH-S cells.
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Publication Date: 2021-04-16 PubMed ID: 33923733PubMed Central: PMC8073143DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040484Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article investigates how the Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) protein impacts the replication of the equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) in different cell lines. The findings show that IFN-γ can significantly reduce EHV-1 replication in certain cell lines through JAK/STAT1 signaling and various antiviral genes.

Understanding the Research

  • The primary focus of this study stems from understanding the role of the immediate-early protein (IEP) in EHV-1 (a type of horse herpesvirus) and its vital role in viral replication. Specifically, the researchers aimed to assess how IFN-γ treatment affects the replication of EHV-1 across different cell lines.
  • Three different cell lines – mouse MH-S, equine NBL6, and human MRC-5 – were treated with 20 ng/mL of IFN-γ. The results displayed a significant decrease in EHV-1 yield in these cell lines compared to other cell lines treated with the same dosage of IFN-γ.

Role of IFN-γ and IEP

  • Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) plays a crucial role in contributing to immune responses against viral infections. This research highlights the role this protein plays in inhibiting the EHV-1 as it apparently blocks the replication process by suppressing the production of IEP, but this happened to be cell line dependent.
  • The IEP, on the other hand, is essential for the replication of the EHV-1 as it facilitates the transactivation of several viral genes. Due to this, IEP protein expression and its function came under scrutiny during the IFN-γ treatment.

JAK/STAT1 Signaling and Capacity of IFN-γ Treatment

  • The JAK/STAT1 pathway is integral for turning on the responses for the cell when it comes under any immune attack. This study shows that the suppression of IEP and UL5P by IFN-γ can be restored by JAK inhibitor treatment. This indicates the important role the JAK/STAT1 pathway plays in supporting the IFN-γ’s inhibition of EHV-1 replication.
  • The IFN-γ treatment, however, seemingly worked differently across various cell lines. While in MH-S cells, IEP protein expression was reduced by over 99% with IFN-γ treatment, it was only reduced by 43% in L-M cells. This indicated that the effectiveness of IFN-γ treatment in inhibiting EHV-1 replication had cell-line dependencies.

Microarray Analyses and Antiviral Interferon-stimulated Genes (ISGs)

  • The study’s microarray analyses identified five antiviral ISGs that were upregulated between 3.2 to 18.1-fold only in the MH-S cells. These ISGs – MX1, SAMHD1, IFIT2, NAMPT, TREX1, and DDX60 – might significantly contribute to the cell-line dependent manner of the IFN-γ’s inhibitive mechanism on the EHV-1 replication.

Cite This Article

APA
Kim SK, Shakya AK, O'Callaghan DJ. (2021). Interferon Gamma Inhibits Equine Herpesvirus 1 Replication in a Cell Line-Dependent Manner. Pathogens, 10(4), 484. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10040484

Publication

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-0817
NlmUniqueID: 101596317
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
PII: 484

Researcher Affiliations

Kim, Seong K
  • Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA.
Shakya, Akhalesh K
  • Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA.
O'Callaghan, Dennis J
  • Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA.

Grant Funding

  • P30GM110703 / NIGMS NIH HHS
  • the National Research Initiative Competitive Grant 2013-67015-21311 / the USDA (NIFA) Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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