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Intraperitoneal and Intracerebral Routes in Serum Protection Tests with the Virus of Equine Encephalomyelitis: I. A Comparison of the Two Routes in Protection Tests.
Abstract: Young (12 to 15 day old) mice are approximately as susceptible to the virus of equine encephalomyelitis, Eastern or Western strain, when it is given intraperitoneally as are adult mice when the virus is injected intracerebrally. With this susceptibility by the intraperitoneal route as a basis, the injection of immune serum-virus mixtures intraperitoneally was found to result in protection in dilutions which give rise to infection after intracerebral inoculation. The difference of protective power by the two indicated routes was shown not to depend on the amount of inoculum nor on the age of the intracerebrally injected mice. Incubation at 37 degrees C. for 2(1/2) hours neither increases nor diminishes the protective action of immune serum when the intraperitoneal method is employed. The phenomenon of selective protection in different tissues is elicited by the sera of hyperimmunized mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits and by sera derived from horses infected with the disease in nature or exposed to it by contact. Of four horses recovered from the malady, all showed antibody in their sera; of others exposed by contact, four of nine animals revealed antiviral bodies, when the intraperitoneal technique was employed. These tests on horse sera have pointed to the potential value of this procedure for epidemiological studies. Finally, the reaction itself has significance through its bearing on the mechanism of immunity.
Publication Date: 1938-07-31 PubMed ID: 19870781PubMed Central: PMC2133667DOI: 10.1084/jem.68.2.173Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
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The research article explores the susceptibility of young mice to the virus of equine encephalomyelitis. It also examines the protective action of immune serum when injected through intraperitoneal and intracerebral methods. The findings suggest that the injection route does not affect the protective ability of the serum, and this knowledge may have potential value for epidemiological studies.
Investigating the Effect of Injection Routes on Serum Protection
- The scientists conducted experiments to understand the impact of two different routes of injection – intraperitoneal (into the body cavity) and intracerebral (into the brain) – on the effectiveness of immune serum (a blood component with disease-fighting antibodies) in protecting against the equine encephalomyelitis virus.
- The study involved young mice (aged 12 to 15 days old), noticing that they showed similar levels of susceptibility to adult mice when the virus was injected intracerebrally, as when it was injected intraperitoneally.
Protective Power of Immune Serum
- By injecting the immune serum-virus mixtures intraperitoneally, the researchers observed that this could lead to protection against the virus, even in the case of dilutions that could cause infection after intracerebral inoculation.
- It was found that the difference in protective power through the intraperitoneal and intracerebral routes was not dependent on the amount of inoculum or the age of the mice.
Incubation Period and Immunity Mechanism
- The researchers tested the effect of an incubation period at 37 degrees Celsius for 2.5 hours on the protective action of the immune serum when applied using the intraperitoneal method. They found the procedure neither increased nor diminished the serum’s protective action.
- The phenomenon of selective protection in different tissues by hyperimmunized mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and horses infected with the disease or exposed to it by contact was recognized. This may have implications for understanding the mechanism of immunity to the equine encephalomyelitis virus.
Implications for Epidemiology and Immunity
- The research conducted on horse sera pointed to the potential use of this procedure for epidemiological studies due to the presence of antiviral bodies in horses that had recovered from the disease or had been exposed by contact.
- The study emphasizes the importance of understanding the mode of serum administration for its protective effect against the virus. This knowledge is crucial as it carries implications for the dynamics of disease spread and the functioning of immunity against the pathogen.
Cite This Article
APA
Olitsky PK, Harford CG.
(1938).
Intraperitoneal and Intracerebral Routes in Serum Protection Tests with the Virus of Equine Encephalomyelitis: I. A Comparison of the Two Routes in Protection Tests.
J Exp Med, 68(2), 173-189.
https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.68.2.173 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Laboratories of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.
References
This article includes 6 references
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Citations
This article has been cited 13 times.- Casals J, Olitsky PK. ENDURING IMMUNITY FOLLOWING VACCINATION OF MICE WITH FORMALIN-INACTIVATED VIRUS OF RUSSIAN SPRING-SUMMER (FAR EASTERN, TICK-BORNE) ENCEPHALITIS : CORRELATION WITH SERUM-NEUTRALIZING AND COMPLEMENT-FIXING ANTIBODIES. J Exp Med 1945 Nov 30;82(6):431-43.
- Huang CH. FURTHER STUDIES ON THE TITRATION AND NEUTRALIZATION OF THE WESTERN STRAIN OF EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS IN TISSUE CULTURE. J Exp Med 1943 Aug 1;78(2):111-26.
- Olitsky PK, Schlesinger RW, Morgan IM. INDUCED RESISTANCE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TO EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION WITH EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS : II. SEROTHERAPY IN WESTERN VIRUS INFECTION. J Exp Med 1943 Apr 1;77(4):359-74.
- Morgan IM, Schlesinger RW, Olitsky PK. INDUCED RESISTANCE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TO EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION WITH EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS : I. NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN RELATION TO CEREBRAL RESISTANCE. J Exp Med 1942 Oct 1;76(4):357-69.
- Morgan IM. INFLUENCE OF AGE ON SUSCEPTIBILITY AND ON IMMUNE RESPONSE OF MICE TO EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS. J Exp Med 1941 Jul 31;74(2):115-32.
- King LS. STUDIES ON EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS : IV. INFECTION IN THE MOUSE WITH FRESH AND FIXED VIRUS. J Exp Med 1940 Jan 1;71(1):95-106.
- Olitsky PK. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE VIRUS OF INFECTIOUS AVIAN ENCEPHALOMYELITIS. J Exp Med 1939 Nov 30;70(6):565-82.
- Olitsky PK, Harford CG. INTRAPERITONEAL AND INTRACEREBRAL ROUTES IN SERUM PROTECTION TESTS WITH THE VIRUS OF EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS : III. COMPARISON OF ANTIVIRAL SERUM CONSTITUENTS FROM GUINEA PIGS IMMUNIZED WITH ACTIVE OR FORMOLIZED INACTIVE VIRUS. J Exp Med 1938 Oct 31;68(5):779-87.
- Olitsky PK, Harford CG. INTRAPERITONEAL AND INTRACEREBRAL ROUTES IN SERUM PROTECTION TESTS WITH THE VIRUS OF EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS : II. MECHANISM UNDERLYING THE DIFFERENCE IN PROTECTIVE POWER BY THE TWO ROUTES. J Exp Med 1938 Oct 31;68(5):761-77.
- Hodes HL, Webster LT. RELATION BETWEEN DEGREE OF IMMUNITY OF MICE FOLLOWING VACCINATION WITH ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS AND THE TITRE OF THE PROTECTIVE ANTIBODIES OF THE SERUM. J Exp Med 1938 Jul 31;68(2):263-71.
- CASALS J, OLITSKY PK, ANSLOW RO. Adaptation of a Lansing strain of poliomyelitis virus to newborn mice. J Exp Med 1951 Aug;94(2):111-21.
- CASALS J, OLITSKY PK. The adaptation of poliomyelitis virus, Lansing strain, to newborn mice and the use of their central nervous tissues for preparation of complement-fixing antigen. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 1951;4(4):452-9.
- TYRRELL DA, HORSFALL FL Jr. Neutralization of viruses by homologous immune serum. I. Quantitative studies on factors which affect the neutralization reaction with Newcastle disease, influenza A, and bacterial virus T3. J Exp Med 1953 Jun;97(6):845-61.
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