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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Intravenous Injection of Sodium Hyaluronate Diminishes Basal...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2023; 13(19); doi: 10.3390/ani13193030

Intravenous Injection of Sodium Hyaluronate Diminishes Basal Inflammatory Gene Expression in Equine Skeletal Muscle.

Abstract: Following strenuous exercise, skeletal muscle experiences an acute inflammatory state that initiates the repair process. Systemic hyaluronic acid (HA) is injected to horses routinely as a joint anti-inflammatory. To gain insight into the effects of HA on skeletal muscle, adult Thoroughbred geldings (n = 6) were injected with a commercial HA product weekly for 3 weeks prior to performing a submaximal exercise test. Gluteal muscle (GM) biopsies were obtained before and 1 h after exercise for gene expression analysis and HA localization. The results from RNA sequencing demonstrate differences in gene expression between non-injected controls (CON; n = 6) and HA horses. Prior to exercise, HA horses contained fewer (p < 0.05) transcripts associated with leukocyte activity and cytokine production than CON. The performance of exercise resulted in the upregulation (p < 0.05) of several cytokine genes and their signaling intermediates, indicating that HA does not suppress the normal inflammatory response to exercise. The transcript abundance for marker genes of neutrophils (NCF2) and macrophages (CD163) was greater (p < 0.05) post-exercise and was unaffected by HA injection. The anti-inflammatory effects of HA on muscle are indirect as no differences (p > 0.05) in the relative amount of the macromolecule was observed between the CON and HA fiber extracellular matrix (ECM). However, exercise tended (p = 0.10) to cause an increase in ECM size suggestive of muscle damage and remodeling. The finding was supported by the increased (p < 0.05) expression of CTGF, TGFβ1, MMP9, TIMP4 and Col4A1. Collectively, the results validate HA as an anti-inflammatory aid that does not disrupt the normal post-exercise muscle repair process.
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Publication Date: 2023-09-27 PubMed ID: 37835636PubMed Central: PMC10571686DOI: 10.3390/ani13193030Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates the effects of systemic hyaluronic acid (HA) injections, a common treatment for joint inflammation in horses, on skeletal muscle. They found that HA reduces basal inflammation without hindering the natural post-exercise repair process.

Research Method

  • The researchers used a group of adult Thoroughbred geldings (male horses) in this study. They injected these horses with a commercial HA product once a week for three weeks before making them perform submaximal exercise.
  • To assess the effect of these injections, they compared biopsies from the gluteal muscle (GM) of these horses before and after exercise. These were analyzed via RNA sequencing for gene expression changes and to locate HA.
  • These results were then compared with those of non-injected control horses.

Findings

  • The RNA sequencing revealed different gene expression between injected horses and controls. Before exercise, injected horses showed lower amounts of transcripts associated with leukocyte activity and cytokine production, both associated with inflammation.
  • They found that the gene markers for macrophages and neutrophils (cells involved in inflammation and immune response) increased after exercise. This indicates that HA injection does not prevent the normal inflammatory response after exercise.
  • The relative amount of HA in the fibers of the extracellular matrix (ECM) showed no difference between treated and control horses, supporting that the anti-inflammatory effect of HA on muscles is indirect.
  • It was noted that exercise appeared to cause an increase in ECM size, hinting at potential muscle damage and remodeling. This was backed up by the increased expression of various genes.

Conclusion

  • The study concluded that HA serves as an effective anti-inflammatory aid that does not interfere with the typical post-exercise muscle repair process. This suggests potential applications of HA in managing exercise-induced muscle inflammation.

Cite This Article

APA
Gregg SR, Barshick MR, Johnson SE. (2023). Intravenous Injection of Sodium Hyaluronate Diminishes Basal Inflammatory Gene Expression in Equine Skeletal Muscle. Animals (Basel), 13(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13193030

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 19

Researcher Affiliations

Gregg, Savannah R
  • School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
Barshick, Madison R
  • School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
Johnson, Sally E
  • School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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