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Veterinary microbiology2011; 150(1-2); 41-48; doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.01.004

Isolation of an equine coronavirus from adult horses with pyrogenic and enteric disease and its antigenic and genomic characterization in comparison with the NC99 strain.

Abstract: A new equine coronavirus was isolated from the feces of adult horses with pyrogenic and enteric disease. The disease outbreak was mainly observed among 2- to 4-year-old horses living in stables of a draft-horse racetrack in Japan. On comparing the isolated virus (isolate Tokachi09) with the equine coronavirus NC99 strain, no significant differences were observed in several biological properties such as hemagglutinating activity, antigenicity (in indirect immunofluorescence and neutralization tests), and one-step growth (in cell culture). The sequences of the nucleocapsid and spike genes of isolate Tokachi09 showed identical size (1341 and 4092 nucleotides, 446 and 1363 amino acids, respectively) and high similarity (98.0% and 99.0% at the nucleotides, 97.3% and 99.0% at the amino acids, respectively) to those of strain NC99. However, the isolate had a 185-nucleotide deletion from four bases after the 3'-terminal end of the spike gene, resulting in the absence of the open reading frame predicted to encode a 4.7-kDa nonstructural protein in strain NC99. These results suggest that the 4.7-kDa nonstructural protein is not essential for viral replication, at least in cell culture, and that the Japanese strain probably originated from a different lineage to the North American strain. This is the first equine coronavirus to be isolated from adult horses with pyrogenic and enteric disease.
Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2011-01-11 PubMed ID: 21273011PubMed Central: PMC7117184DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.01.004Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research revolves around the isolation of a new strain of equine coronavirus, named Tokachi09, that was detected in adult horses exhibiting fever and digestive disease. The virus, with origins in a draft-horse racetrack in Japan, was analyzed and compared with an existing equine coronavirus (NC99 strain), showing no significant biological variations yet illustrating a unique genomic feature.

Isolation of the Equine Coronavirus

  • The researchers isolated this new strain of the equine coronavirus from the feces of adult horses exhibiting symptoms of pyrogenic (fever-causing) and enteric (digestive) diseases.
  • The disease outbreak mainly affected horses aged between 2 to 4 years at a draft-horse racetrack in Japan. The discovery of the virus in these adult horses marks the first time that an equine coronavirus has caused such symptoms in this demographic.

Comparative Analysis with the NC99 Strain

  • The isolated virus, known as Tokachi09, was compared with the existing equine coronavirus NC99 strain to observe any significant differences.
  • In the comparison, Tokachi09 did not exhibit significant differences from NC99 in several biological properties such as hemagglutinating activity, antigenicity (in indirect immunofluorescence and neutralization tests), and one-step growth (in cell culture).

Genomic Characterization of the Isolate

  • Whilst the biological properties were similar, a unique genomic feature was discovered. The sequences of the nucleocapsid and spike genes of Tokachi09 displayed an identical size and high similarity to those of strain NC99, but the Tokachi09 isolate carried a 185-nucleotide deletion from four bases after the 3′-terminal end of the spike gene.
  • This deletion resulted in the absence of the open reading frame that was predicted to encode a 4.7-kDa nonstructural protein in the NC99 strain.
  • These results thereby propose that the 4.7-kDa nonstructural protein might not be crucial for viral replication, or at least in cell culture, and that the newly isolated Japanese strain possibly rooted from a different lineage than the North American strain.

Cite This Article

APA
Oue Y, Ishihara R, Edamatsu H, Morita Y, Yoshida M, Yoshima M, Hatama S, Murakami K, Kanno T. (2011). Isolation of an equine coronavirus from adult horses with pyrogenic and enteric disease and its antigenic and genomic characterization in comparison with the NC99 strain. Vet Microbiol, 150(1-2), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.01.004

Publication

Veterinary microbiology
ISSN: 1873-2542
NlmUniqueID: 7705469
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 150
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 41-48

Researcher Affiliations

Oue, Yasuhiro
  • Hokkaido Tokachi Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 59-6, Kisen, Kawanishicho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 089-1182, Japan.
Ishihara, Ryoko
    Edamatsu, Hiroki
      Morita, Yoshinori
        Yoshida, Miyou
          Yoshima, Masayuki
            Hatama, Shinichi
              Murakami, Kenji
                Kanno, Toru

                  MeSH Terms

                  • Animals
                  • Antigens, Viral / genetics
                  • Base Sequence
                  • Cell Line
                  • Coronavirus / genetics
                  • Coronavirus / growth & development
                  • Coronavirus / isolation & purification
                  • Coronavirus Infections / veterinary
                  • Coronavirus Infections / virology
                  • DNA, Viral / genetics
                  • Feces / virology
                  • Genomics
                  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
                  • Horse Diseases / genetics
                  • Horse Diseases / virology
                  • Horses / virology
                  • Japan
                  • Molecular Sequence Data
                  • Neutralization Tests
                  • Open Reading Frames
                  • Phylogeny
                  • Sequence Analysis, DNA

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