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BMC microbiology2015; 15; 80; doi: 10.1186/s12866-015-0403-y

Lactobacillus ruminis strains cluster according to their mammalian gut source.

Abstract: Lactobacillus ruminis is a motile Lactobacillus that is autochthonous to the human gut, and which may also be isolated from other mammals. Detailed characterization of L. ruminis has previously been restricted to strains of human and bovine origin. We therefore sought to expand our bio-bank of strains to identify and characterise isolates of porcine and equine origin by comparative genomics. Results: We isolated five strains from the faeces of horses and two strains from pigs, and compared their motility, biochemistry and genetic relatedness to six human isolates and three bovine isolates including the type strain 27780(T). Multilocus sequence typing analysis based on concatenated sequence data for six individual loci separated the 16 L. ruminis strains into three clades concordant with human, bovine or porcine, and equine sources. Sequencing the genomes of four additional strains of human, bovine, equine and porcine origin revealed a high level of genome synteny, independent of the source animal. Analysis of carbohydrate utilization, stress survival and technological robustness in a combined panel of sixteen L. ruminis isolates identified strains with optimal survival characteristics suitable for future investigation as candidate probiotics. Under laboratory conditions, six human isolates of L. ruminis tested were aflagellate and non-motile, whereas all 10 strains of bovine, equine and porcine origin were motile. Interestingly the equine and porcine strains were hyper-flagellated compared to bovine isolates, and this hyper-flagellate phenotype correlated with the ability to swarm on solid medium containing up to 1.8% agar. Analysis by RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR identified genes for the biosynthesis of flagella, genes for carbohydrate metabolism and genes of unknown function that were differentially expressed in swarming cells of an equine isolate of L. ruminis. Conclusions: We suggest that Lactobacillus ruminis isolates have potential to be used in the functional food industry. We have also identified a MLST scheme able to distinguish between strains of L. ruminis of different origin. Genes for non-digestible oligosaccharide metabolism were identified with a putative role in swarming behaviour.
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Publication Date: 2015-04-01 PubMed ID: 25879663PubMed Central: PMC4393605DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0403-yGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research explores the characteristics of the bacteria Lactobacillus ruminis, sourced from different mammals. The findings indicate that the bacteria cluster based on their source animal, possessing variations in their motility and genetic relatedness. This discovery has implications for the functional food industry, potentially offering benefits for probiotics.

Research Objective

  • The research focused on the bacteria Lactobacillus ruminis, which is naturally found in the human gut but can also be isolated from other mammals. Prior studies have been limited to strains sourced from humans and cows, so this study aimed to widen the scope to include isolates from pigs and horses.

Methods and Results

  • Researchers successfully isolated L. ruminis strains from horse and pig feces and compared these to strains sourced from humans and cows.
  • The bacteria’s motility, biochemistry, and genetic relatedness were analyzed. The strains separated into three different groups according to their animal source.
  • Sequencing the genomes of certain human, bovine, equine, and porcine strains revealed that there was a high level of genome synteny, or similarity in the sequence of genes, regardless of the source animal. This suggests that the L. ruminis strains are essentially the same bacteria, with some variations based on the host animal.

Further Findings

  • In the lab, human strains of L. ruminis were found to be non-motile, meaning they did not move on their own. However, all strains from cows, pigs, and horses were motile. Strikingly, pig and horse strains were even hyper-flagellated, giving them an ability to “swarm” on solid medium.
  • Genes that control flagella production, carbohydrate metabolism, and some unknown functions were expressed differently in these swarming cells.
  • The researchers propose these strains have potential for use in the functional food industry, especially considering their unique behaviors and genetic structures.

Implications

  • The ability to distinguish between L. ruminis strains from different origins may prove helpful for probiotics and overall human gut health. Since these strains have specific survival characteristics, they might be optimal candidates for probiotic supplementation.
  • The unknown genes associated with the swarming behavior suggest there may be beneficial, yet undiscovered, properties of L. ruminis. This opens up room for future research into how the bacteria functions and interacts with its host.

Cite This Article

APA
O' Donnell MM, Harris HM, Lynch DB, Ross RP, O'Toole PW. (2015). Lactobacillus ruminis strains cluster according to their mammalian gut source. BMC Microbiol, 15, 80. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-015-0403-y

Publication

BMC microbiology
ISSN: 1471-2180
NlmUniqueID: 100966981
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 15
Pages: 80
PII: 80

Researcher Affiliations

O' Donnell, Michelle M
  • Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., Cork, Ireland. michelle.o'donnell@teagasc.ie.
  • School of Microbiology & Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. michelle.o'donnell@teagasc.ie.
Harris, Hugh Michael B
  • School of Microbiology & Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. hughharris86@gmail.com.
Lynch, Denise B
  • School of Microbiology & Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. d.lynch@ucc.ie.
Ross, Reynolds Paul
  • School of Microbiology & Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. p.ross@ucc.ie.
  • College of Science, Engineering and Food Science (SEFS), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. p.ross@ucc.ie.
O'Toole, Paul W
  • School of Microbiology & Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. pwotoole@ucc.ie.
  • School of Microbiology, Food Science Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. pwotoole@ucc.ie.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Base Sequence
  • Cattle
  • Feces / microbiology
  • Flagella / genetics
  • Flagella / metabolism
  • Gastrointestinal Tract / microbiology
  • Genome, Bacterial
  • Genotype
  • High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
  • Horses / microbiology
  • Host Specificity
  • Humans
  • Lactobacillus / classification
  • Lactobacillus / genetics
  • Lactobacillus / isolation & purification
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Multigene Family
  • Multilocus Sequence Typing
  • Oligosaccharides / genetics
  • Oligosaccharides / metabolism
  • Phylogeny
  • Probiotics
  • Swine / microbiology
  • Synteny

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