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Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire2021; 85(3); 170-176;

Light and electron-microscopic localization of CD9 and surfactant protein A and D in normal lungs of the horse.

Abstract: The lung is a complex organ, and its physiology and immunology are regulated by various immune molecules and cells. Lung surfactant, a mixture of phospholipids and proteins produced by the bronchiolar and type II alveolar epithelial cells, is one such important player in lung physiology. Compared to knowledge about the biology of the surfactant in rodents and humans, only limited data are available on the surfactant in the horse. Although there are data linking levels of surfactant proteins with respiratory disease in the horse, there are no data on the cellular localization of surfactant protein A (SP-A) and surfactant protein D (SP-D). A member of the tetraspanin family of proteins, CD9 is a cell-signaling and adhesion protein and its expression has been detected in both normal and cancer cells, including those in the lung. Because there are no immunolocalization data on SP-A, SP-D, and CD9 in the normal lungs of the horse, our objective was to conduct a light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical study on normal lungs of the horse. The data showed SP-A and SP-D in bronchiolar epithelial and type II alveolar epithelial cells. These proteins were also localized in type I alveolar epithelial cells, pulmonary intravascular macrophages, and neutrophils, which is likely an outcome of endocytosis of the proteins by these cells. CD9 was present in the airway and vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelium, and blood cells, but not in the airway epithelium. These new data provide a baseline to further examine the expression and functions of SP-A, SP-D, and CD9 proteins in inflammation associated with respiratory diseases in the horse. Le poumon est un organe complexe, et sa physiologie et son immunologie sont régulées par diverses molécules et cellules immunitaires. Le surfactant pulmonaire, un mélange de phospholipides et de protéines produits par les cellules épithéliales bronchiolaires et alvéolaires de type II, est un acteur important de la physiologie pulmonaire. Par rapport aux connaissances sur la biologie du surfactant chez les rongeurs et les humains, seules des données limitées sont disponibles sur le surfactant chez le cheval. Bien qu’il existe des données reliant les niveaux de protéines du surfactant à une maladie respiratoire chez le cheval, il n’y a pas de données sur la localisation cellulaire de la protéine de surfactant A (SP-A) et de la protéine de surfactant D (SP-D). Membre de la famille des protéines tétraspanines, CD9 est une protéine de signalisation et d’adhésion cellulaire et son expression a été détectée dans les cellules normales et cancéreuses, y compris celles du poumon. Comme il n’y a pas de données d’immunolocalisation pour SP-A, SP-D et CD9 dans les poumons normaux du cheval, notre objectif était de mener une étude immunocytochimique au microscope optique et électronique sur les poumons normaux du cheval. Les données ont montré la présence de SP-A et SP-D dans les cellules épithéliales bronchiolaires et alvéolaires de type II. Ces protéines étaient également localisées dans les cellules épithéliales alvéolaires de type I, les macrophages intravasculaires pulmonaires et les neutrophiles, ce qui est probablement le résultat de l’endocytose des protéines par ces cellules. Le CD9 était présent dans les cellules des voies respiratoires et des muscles lisses vasculaires, l’endothélium et les cellules sanguines, mais pas dans l’épithélium des voies respiratoires. Ces nouvelles données fournissent une base de référence pour examiner plus à fond l’expression et les fonctions des protéines SP-A, SP-D et CD9 dans l’inflammation associée aux maladies respiratoires chez le cheval.(Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier).
Copyright and/or publishing rights held by the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association.
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Publication Date: 2021-07-13 PubMed ID: 34248260PubMed Central: PMC8243805
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  • Journal Article

Summary

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The research investigates where the immune molecules SP-A, SP-D, and CD9 are located within the lung tissues of healthy horses, aiming to better understand their roles in the respiratory health of horses.

Background

  • Immune molecules and cells play an essential role in the regulation of a lung’s physiology and immunology.
  • One of the crucial components in lung physiology is the Lung surfactant produced by bronchiolar and type II alveolar epithelial cells.
  • While data on these components is abundant in human and rodent studies, information related to horses is limited.
  • The researchers noted that no prior data was available for the cellular localization of surfactant proteins A and D in horses.
  • CD9 protein, found in both normal and cancer cells, including those in the lung, is another important cell-signaling and adhesion protein with no previous immunolocalization data in healthy horse lungs.

Methods

  • The researchers conducted a light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical study to understand the locations and roles of SP-A, SP-D, and CD9 proteins in horse lungs.

Findings

  • The data indicated presence of SP-A and SP-D in type II alveolar epithelial cells and bronchiolar epithelial cells.
  • The proteins were also found in type I alveolar epithelial cells, pulmonary intravascular macrophages, and neutrophils, likely to be due to endocytosis of the proteins by these cells.
  • The cell-signaling and adhesion protein CD9 was present in the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle and airway cells, and blood cells, but not in the airway epithelium.

Significance

  • The findings provide a baseline for further investigation into the expression and functions of SP-A, SP-D, and CD9 proteins, specifically in relation to inflammation associated with respiratory diseases in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Bocking T, Singh B. (2021). Light and electron-microscopic localization of CD9 and surfactant protein A and D in normal lungs of the horse. Can J Vet Res, 85(3), 170-176.

Publication

Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire
ISSN: 1928-9022
NlmUniqueID: 8607793
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 85
Issue: 3
Pages: 170-176

Researcher Affiliations

Bocking, Tara
  • Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4.
Singh, Baljit
  • Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Horses
  • Immunohistochemistry / methods
  • Immunohistochemistry / veterinary
  • Lung / metabolism
  • Lung / ultrastructure
  • Microscopy, Electron
  • Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A / genetics
  • Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A / metabolism
  • Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D / genetics
  • Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D / metabolism
  • Tetraspanin 29 / genetics
  • Tetraspanin 29 / metabolism

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