FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Veterinary surgery : VS2023; doi: 10.1111/vsu.13990

Longitudinal evaluation of fentanyl concentrations in equine plasma and synovial fluid following application of transdermal fentanyl patches over one carpal joint.

Abstract: To determine if transdermally delivered fentanyl can achieve greater concentrations of fentanyl in synovial fluid when applied over a synovial structure. Conclusion: Application of fentanyl matrix patches directly over the CMCJ did not result in increased fentanyl concentrations in the synovial fluid of the treated intercarpal joint in normal horses.
© 2023 The Authors. Veterinary Surgery published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Surgeons.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2023-08-03 PubMed ID: 37537748DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13990Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Objective:

The study aimed to see if applying a fentanyl patch (a painkiller) directly over a joint would result in higher drug concentrations in the joint fluid.

Study Design:

This was an experimental study where the outcomes were determined by random chance.

Animals Involved:

Six healthy adult horses were used for this experiment.

Methods:

Each horse had two fentanyl patches placed on one randomly chosen carpometacarpal joint (a joint in the leg) for two days. Blood and fluid samples from the joints were collected at multiple time points over the 48-hour period. These samples were then tested to measure the fentanyl concentrations.

Results:

All horses showed detectable levels of fentanyl in their blood and joint fluid. The highest concentration in both the blood and the joint fluid was seen 12 hours after applying the patch. However, the concentration of fentanyl in the joint fluid (both from the joint with the patch and the joint without the patch) was lower than in the blood. Importantly, the fentanyl concentration did not differ between the joint with the patch and the joint without the patch.

Conclusion:

Putting a fentanyl patch directly on a joint did not increase the drug concentration in the joint fluid.

Clinical Implication:

If you’re trying to relieve joint pain in horses, placing a fentanyl patch directly on the joint doesn’t seem to offer any extra pain relief benefits, as it doesn’t result in higher drug levels in the joint.

Cite This Article

APA
Ortega McCormack JJ, Reed RA, Epstein KL, Camus MS, Knych HK. (2023). Longitudinal evaluation of fentanyl concentrations in equine plasma and synovial fluid following application of transdermal fentanyl patches over one carpal joint. Vet Surg. https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.13990

Publication

Veterinary surgery : VS
ISSN: 1532-950X
NlmUniqueID: 8113214
Country: United States
Language: English

Researcher Affiliations

Ortega McCormack, John J
  • Department of Large Animal Medicine, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Reed, Rachel A
  • Department of Large Animal Medicine, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Epstein, Kira L
  • Department of Large Animal Medicine, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Camus, Melinda S
  • Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama, USA.
Knych, Heather K
  • KL Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Lab, University of California, Davis, California, USA.

Grant Funding

  • University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine For Love of the Horse Equine Endowment

References

This article includes 35 references
  1. Tan M, Law LS, Gan TJ. Optimizing pain management to facilitate enhanced recovery after surgery pathways.. Can J Anaesth 2015;62(2):203-218.
    doi: 10.1007/s12630-014-0275-xgoogle scholar: lookup
  2. Lamont LA. Multimodal pain Management in Veterinary Medicine: the physiologic basis of pharmacologic therapies.. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2008;38(6):1173-1186.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2008.06.005google scholar: lookup
  3. van Eps A, Collins SN, Pollitt CC. Supporting limb laminitis.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2010;26(2):287-302.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2010.06.007google scholar: lookup
  4. Smith LCR, Payne RJ, Boys Smith SJ, Bathe AP, Greet TRC. Outcome and long-term follow-up of 20 horses undergoing surgery for caecal impaction: a retrospective study (2000-2008).. Equine Vet J 2010;42(5):388-392.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00087google scholar: lookup
  5. Thomasy SM, Slovis N, Maxwell LK, Kollias-Baker C. Transdermal fentanyl combined with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for analgesia in horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2004;18(4):550-554.
  6. van Loon JPAM, de Grauw JC, Brunott A, Weerts EAWS, van Weeren PR. Upregulation of articular synovial membrane μ-opioid-like receptors in an acute equine synovitis model.. Vet J 2013;196(1):40-46.
  7. Sanchez LC, Robertson SA, Maxwell LK, Zientek K, Cole C. Effect of fentanyl on visceral and somatic nociception in conscious horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2007;21(5):1067-1075.
  8. Echelmeyer J, Taylor PM, Hopster K, Rohn K, Delarocque J, Kästner SBR. Effect of fentanyl on thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds in horses and estimation of anti-nociceptive plasma concentration.. Vet J 2019;249:82-88.
  9. Kamerling SG, DeQuick DJ, Weckman TJ, Tobin T. Dose-related effects of fentanyl on autonomic and behavioral responses in performance horses.. Gen Pharmacol Vasc S 1985;16(3):253-258.
  10. Senior JM, Pinchbeck GL, Dugdale AH, Clegg PD. Retrospective study of the risk factors and prevalence of colic in horses after orthopaedic surgery.. Vet Rec 2004;155(11):321-325.
  11. Reed RA, Knych HK, Barletta M, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of hydromorphone after intravenous and intramuscular administration in horses.. Vet Anaesth Analg 2020;47(2):210-218.
  12. Hunter BG, Parker JE, Wehrman R, Stang B, Cebra CK. Morphine synovial fluid concentrations after intravenous regional limb perfusion in standing horses.. Vet Surg 2015;44(6):679-686.
  13. Crabtree NE, Mochal-King CA, Sloan PB, et al. Synovial butorphanol concentrations and mechanical nociceptive thresholds after intravenous regional limb perfusion in standing sedated horses.. Vet Surg 2019;48(8):1473-1482.
  14. Van Loon JPAM, De Grauw JC, Van Dierendonck M, L'Ami JJ, Back W, Van Weeren PR. Intra-articular opioid analgesia is effective in reducing pain and inflammation in an equine LPS induced synovitis model.. Equine Vet J 2010;42(5):412-419.
  15. Bellei E, Roncada P, Pisoni L, Joechler M, Zaghini A. The use of fentanyl-patch in dogs undergoing spinal surgery: plasma concentration and analgesic efficacy.. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2011;34(5):437-441.
  16. Robinson T, Kruse-Elliott K, Markel M, Pluhar G, Massa K, Bjorling D. A comparison of transdermal fentanyl versus epidural morphine for analgesia in dogs undergoing major orthopedic surgery.. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1999;35(2):95-100.
  17. Ohtori S, Inoue G, Orita S, et al. Transdermal fentanyl for chronic low Back pain.. Yonsei Med J 2012;53(4):788-793.
  18. Skrzypczak H, Reed R, Brainard B, et al. The pharmacokinetics of a fentanyl matrix patch applied at three different anatomical locations in horses.. Equine Vet J 2021;54(1):153-158.
  19. Amemiya M, Nakagawa Y, Yoshimura H, et al. Comparison of tissue pharmacokinetics of esflurbiprofen plaster with flurbiprofen tablets in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2021;42(9):418-426.
  20. Zeng C, Wei J, Persson MSM, et al. Relative efficacy and safety of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies.. Br J Sports Med 2018;52(10):642-650.
  21. Derry S, Moore RA, Gaskell H, McIntyre M, Wiffen PJ. Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults.. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;2015(6):1-100.
  22. Maxwell LK, Thomasy SM, Slovis N, Kollias-Baker C. Pharmacokinetics of fentanyl following intravenous and transdermal administration in horses.. Equine Vet J 2003;35:484-490.
  23. Ford TS, Ross MW, Orsini PG. Communications and boundaries of the middle carpal and carpometacarpal joints in horses.. Am J Vet Res 1988;49(12):2161-2164.
  24. Efe T, Sagnak E, Roessler PP, et al. Penetration of topical diclofenac sodium 4% spray gel into the synovial tissue and synovial fluid of the knee: a randomised clinical trial.. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2013;22(2):345-350.
  25. Grond S, Radbruch L, Lehmann KA. Clinical pharmacokinetics of transdermal opioids.. Clin Pharmacokinet 2000;38(1):59-89.
  26. Riviere JE, Papich MG. Potential and problems of developing transdermal patches for veterinary applications.. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2001;50(3):175-203.
  27. Orsini JA, Moate PJ, Kuersten K, Soma LR, Boston RC. Pharmacokinetics of fentanyl delivered transdermally in healthy adult horses - variability among horses and its clinical implications.. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2006;29(6):539-546.
  28. Wegner TJ, Franklin R, Long M, Robertson S. How to use fentanyl transdermal patches for analgesia in horses.. Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 2002;48:291-294.
  29. White KK, Hodgson DR, Hancock D, Parry BW, Cordell C. Changes in equine carpal joint synovial fluid in response to the injection of two local anesthetic agents.. Cornell Vet 1989;79(1):25-38.
  30. Sanchez Teran AF, Rubio-Martinez LM, Villarino NF, Sanz MG. Effects of repeated intra-articular administration of amikacin on serum amyloid a, total protein and nucleated cell count in synovial fluid from healthy horses.. Equine Vet J 2012;44:12-16.
  31. Steel CM. Equine synovial fluid analysis.. Vet Clin N Am Equine Pract 2008;24(2):437-454.
  32. Frisbie DD, Johnson SA. Synovial Joint biology and pathobiology, et al.. Equine surgery Elsevier; 2019.
  33. Firth EC, Klein WR, Nouws JFM, Wensing T. Effect of induced synovial inflammation on pharmacokinetics and synovial concentration of sodium ampicillin and kanamycin sulfate after systemic administration in ponies.. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1988;11(1):56-62.
  34. Owens JG, Kamerling SG, Barker SA. Pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen in healthy horses and horses with acute synovitis.. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1995;18(3):187-195.
  35. Wagner AE, Muir WW 3rd, Hinchcliff KW. Cardiovascular effects of xylazine and detomidine in horses.. Am J Vet Res 1991;52(5):651-657.

Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Paranjape VV, Knych HK, Berghaus LJ, Giancola S, Cathcart J, Reed RA. Plasma concentrations of buprenorphine administered via matrix-type transdermal patches applied at three different anatomical locations in healthy adult horses. Front Pain Res (Lausanne) 2024;5:1390322.
    doi: 10.3389/fpain.2024.1390322pubmed: 38962712google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,727 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.