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Physiology & behavior2009; 99(2); 225-229; doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.08.002

Male gamblers have significantly greater salivary cortisol before and after betting on a horse race, than do female gamblers.

Abstract: Prevalence rates of gambling are influenced by gender. Among normative populations, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to stress is affected by gender. However, pathological, compared to recreational, gamblers demonstrate perturbations in HPA activation in response to gambling stimuli. We examined whether there were gender differences in HPA response to gambling in a naturalistic setting among horse-race bettors and scratch-off lottery bettors. Salivary cortisol was collected from horse-race gamblers (n=32) and scratch-off lottery ticket players (n=39) before and after (0, 10, or 20 min) betting on a horse race at an off-track betting establishment. Salivary cortisol levels were significantly higher among men than among women, both prior to and following, betting on a horse race. Among women, but not men, there was a decline in salivary cortisol across time in scratch-off bettors, whereas women horse-race bettors maintained consistent low concentrations of salivary cortisol at every time point sampled. Together these data suggest that engaging in gambling may have different effects on stress responses of men, compared to women. Whether these gender differences in HPA activation contribute to gender-related differences in gambling behavior is the subject of ongoing investigation.
2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2009-08-13 PubMed ID: 19683542PubMed Central: PMC2813901DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.08.002Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper investigates gender differences in stress response to gambling, using salivary cortisol as a measure. It finds that male gamblers have significantly higher salivary cortisol levels, indicating stress, before and after betting on a horse race compared to female gamblers.

Study Design and Participants

  • The study involved 32 horse-race gamblers and 39 scratch-off lottery bettors. The gender of these participants is not specifically mentioned, but it is implied they are a mix of men and women.
  • Participants were studied in a naturalistic setting, an off-track betting establishment. The use of a naturalistic setting means the study measured behaviour under conditions that were as normal and representative as possible.

Method and Measurements

  • The researchers collected saliva samples from the participants before and after betting on a horse race. These samples were then tested for cortisol levels.
  • Cortisol is a hormone produced by the body in response to stress. Therefore, higher cortisol levels indicate higher levels of stress.

Results and Findings

  • The study found that men had significantly higher cortisol levels both before and after betting on a horse race compared to women. This suggests that men experienced more stress in response to this gambling activity than women did.
  • In contrast, women who were betting on scratch-off lottery tickets showed a decline in cortisol levels over time, whereas those women betting on horse races maintained consistently low cortisol levels across all times sampled.

Conclusion and Further Research

  • The differences in cortisol levels suggest that engaging in gambling may have different effects on stress responses in men and women. However, it is not yet clear whether these gender differences in stress response play a role in gender-related differences in gambling behavior.
  • The researchers plan to further investigate whether these differences in stress response contribute to gender-related differences in gambling behavior.

Cite This Article

APA
Franco C, Paris JJ, Wulfert E, Frye CA. (2009). Male gamblers have significantly greater salivary cortisol before and after betting on a horse race, than do female gamblers. Physiol Behav, 99(2), 225-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.08.002

Publication

Physiology & behavior
ISSN: 1873-507X
NlmUniqueID: 0151504
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 99
Issue: 2
Pages: 225-229

Researcher Affiliations

Franco, C
  • Department of Psychology, The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
Paris, J J
    Wulfert, E
      Frye, C A

        MeSH Terms

        • Adult
        • Animals
        • Female
        • Gambling
        • Horses
        • Humans
        • Hydrocortisone / metabolism
        • Male
        • Middle Aged
        • Risk-Taking
        • Saliva / metabolism
        • Sex Factors
        • Surveys and Questionnaires

        Grant Funding

        • R01 MH067698-01A2 / NIMH NIH HHS
        • R01 MH067698 / NIMH NIH HHS
        • R01 MH067698-03 / NIMH NIH HHS
        • R01 MH067698-04 / NIMH NIH HHS
        • R01 MH067698-05 / NIMH NIH HHS
        • R01 MH067698-05S1 / NIMH NIH HHS
        • R01 MH067698-02 / NIMH NIH HHS

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