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Home / Equine Research Bank / Equine Vet J / Metabolomic and proteomic stratification of equine osteoarth...
Equine veterinary journal2025; doi: 10.1111/evj.14490

Metabolomic and proteomic stratification of equine osteoarthritis.

Abstract: Equine osteoarthritis (OA) is predominantly diagnosed through clinical examination and radiography, leading to detection only after significant joint pathology. The pathogenesis of OA remains unclear and while many medications modify the disease's inflammatory components, no curative or reversal treatments exist. Identifying differentially abundant metabolites and proteins correlated with osteoarthritis severity could improve early diagnosis, track disease progression, and evaluate responses to interventions. Objective: To identify molecular markers of osteoarthritis severity based on histological and macroscopic grading. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Post-mortem synovial fluid was collected from 58 Thoroughbred racehorse joints and 83 joints from mixed breeds. Joints were histologically and macroscopically scored and categorised by OA and synovitis grade. Synovial fluid nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomic and mass spectrometry proteomic analyses were performed, individually and combined. Results: In Thoroughbreds, synovial fluid concentrations of metabolites 2-aminobutyrate, alanine and creatine were elevated for higher OA grades, while glutamate was reduced for both Thoroughbreds and mixed breeds. In mixed breeds, concentrations of three uncharacterised proteins, lipopolysaccharide binding protein and immunoglobulin kappa constant were lower for higher OA grades; concentrations of an uncharacterised protein were higher for OA grade 1 only, and apolipoprotein A1 concentrations were higher for OA grades 1 and 2 compared with lower grades. For Thoroughbreds, gelsolin concentrations were lower for higher OA grades, and afamin was lower at a higher synovitis grade. Correlation analyses of combined metabolomics and proteomics datasets revealed 58 and 32 significant variables for Thoroughbreds and mixed breeds, respectively, with correlations from -0.48 to 0.42 and -0.44 to 0.49. Conclusions: The study's reliance on post-mortem assessments limits correlation with clinical osteoarthritis severity. Conclusions: Following stratification of equine OA severity through histological and macroscopic grading, synovial fluid metabolomic and proteomic profiling identified markers that may support earlier diagnosis and progression tracking. Further research is needed to correlate these markers with clinical osteoarthritis severity.
© 2025 The Author(s). Equine Veterinary Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of EVJ Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2025-02-19 PubMed ID: 39972657DOI: 10.1111/evj.14490Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focuses on identifying molecular markers of equine osteoarthritis severity through examining post-mortem synovial fluid of Thoroughbred racehorses and mixed breeds. The aim is to enhance early diagnosis, monitor disease progression and gauge responses to medical interventions.

Objective and Methodology:

  • The primary objective of the research was to identify molecular markers that denote the severity of equine osteoarthritis based on histological (microscopic examination of tissues) and macroscopic (visible to the naked eye) grading.
  • The researchers conducted a cross-sectional study involving post-mortem synovial fluid obtained from 58 Thoroughbred racehorse joints and 83 joints from mixed breed horses.
  • The joints were then categorized by osteoarthritis and synovitis grade after being scored both histologically and macroscopically.
  • The synovial fluid was analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomic and mass spectrometry proteomic analyses, both individually and combined.

Research Findings:

  • In Thoroughbred racehorses, higher osteoarthritis grades were associated with elevated synovial fluid concentrations of metabolites 2-aminobutyrate, alanine, and creatine. Whereas, glutamate concentrations were reduced in both Thoroughbreds and mixed breeds.
  • For mixed breeds, concentrations of three unidentified proteins, a lipopolysaccharide binding protein, and an immunoglobulin kappa constant were lower in higher osteoarthritis grades.
  • Concentrations of a yet to be characterised protein were higher only in osteoarthritis grade 1, and apolipoprotein A1 concentrations were higher in osteoarthritis grades 1 and 2 compared to lower grades.
  • In Thoroughbreds, higher osteoarthritis grades showed lower gelsolin concentrations, and a higher synovitis grade presented lower afamin.
  • The correlation analysis of combined metabolomic and proteomic datasets revealed 58 and 32 significant variables for Thoroughbreds and mixed breeds respectively.

Conclusion:

  • One of the drawbacks of the study is its dependency on post-mortem evaluations, which can limit the correlation with clinical osteoarthritis severity.
  • The article concluded that by stratifying equine osteoarthritis severity through histological and macroscopic grading, it is possible to identify markers within synovial fluid metabolomic and proteomic profiling that may aid in earlier diagnosis and progression tracking.
  • However, more research is essential to link these markers with clinical osteoarthritis severity.

Cite This Article

APA
Anderson JR, Phelan MM, Caamaño-Gutiérrez E, Clegg PD, Rubio-Martinez LM, Peffers MJ. (2025). Metabolomic and proteomic stratification of equine osteoarthritis. Equine Vet J. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14490

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English

Researcher Affiliations

Anderson, James R
  • Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
  • Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Phelan, Marie M
  • NMR Metabolomics Facility, Liverpool Shared Research Facilities (LivSRF) & Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool, UK.
Caamaño-Gutiérrez, Eva
  • Computational Biology Facility, Technology Directorate & Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool, UK.
Clegg, Peter D
  • Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Rubio-Martinez, Luis M
  • Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
  • Equine Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK.
  • Sussex Equine Hospital, West Sussex, UK.
Peffers, Mandy J
  • Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.

Grant Funding

  • G1015 / Horse Trust
  • MR/M009114/1 / Medical Research Council
  • 107471/Z/15/Z / Wellcome Trust
  • MR/R502182/1 / Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing
  • Technology Directorate Voucher (Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool)

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