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PloS one2025; 20(7); e0322468; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0322468

Metabolomics analysis and mRNA/miRNA profiling reveal potential cardiac regulatory mechanisms in Yili racehorses under different training regimens.

Abstract: Yili horses, a versatile breed from Xinjiang, China, are renowned for their racing abilities. However, studies on the links between cardiac morphology, function, and metabolic profiles with performance are limited. This study combined echocardiographic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses to explore these relationships in high-level, average, and untrained Yili horses. Echocardiographic assessments revealed increased left ventricular mass in trained horses, with significant differences in intraventricular septal thickness and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter. RNA sequencing identified 534 differentially expressed genes, 366 differentially expressed miRNAs, highlighting pathways in glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, oxygen transport (e.g., ALAS2), and ATP generation. Metabolomic analysis revealed variations in acylcarnitine and triglycerides, suggesting training-induced cardiac remodeling regulated by miRNAs. This integrated approach provides new insights into the molecular and metabolic factors influencing performance, offering a foundation for optimized training strategies for Yili horses.
Copyright: © 2025 Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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Publication Date: 2025-07-14 PubMed ID: 40658689PubMed Central: PMC12258599DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0322468Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research focuses on understanding the relationship between the hearts of Yili racehorses in different training regimes, their genes and their metabolites. The study divulges a greater left ventricular mass in well-trained horses and showcases different gene expression profiles and metabolites that may influence such physiological differences and overall athletic performance of the horses.

Understanding the Heart of a Yili Racehorse

  • The study was conducted on Yili horses, a versatile racehorse breed from Xinjiang, China. The research aimed to understand the correlation between cardiac morphology, i.e., the structure of the heart, its functionality and metabolic profile of these horses under varying training regimes.
  • Echocardiographic assessments were used to study the physical characteristics of the hearts of these horses. The assessments revealed that horses which had undergone training had increased left ventricular mass, a characteristic associated with high performance in equine sports. There were also significant differences observed in other parameters, like intraventricular septal thickness and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter based on their training status.

Gene Analysis Reveals Training Influence

  • RNA sequencing was done to identify the genes and miRNAs (microRNAs) expressed in the horses’ hearts under the different training regimens. 534 differentially expressed genes and 366 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified through this analysis.
  • Key pathways that were highlighted involve metabolism of glycine, serine and threonine, oxygen transport (including genes like ALAS2), and ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) production, crucial for energy supply within cells.
  • This indicates a significant influence of training regimens on the genetic expression within the cardiac tissue of the Yili horses that may underlie their physical fitness and performance capacities.

Metabolomic Analysis Shows Variations with Training

  • The study also included a metabolomic analysis, which is a study of the metabolites in the horses’ bodies. This showed variations in the amounts of acylcarnitine and triglycerides among the horses subjected to different training regimens.
  • These metabolites are associated with fat metabolism and energy production, and their variation suggests training-induced cardiac remodeling at a molecular level, regulated by miRNAs.
  • This relationship between genetic expression, metabolism and physical training provides new insight into the molecular mechanisms that may optimize performance of these racehorses.

Cite This Article

APA
Wang T, Meng J, Peng X, Huang J, Huang Y, Yuan X, Li X, Yang X, Chang X, Zeng Y, Yao X. (2025). Metabolomics analysis and mRNA/miRNA profiling reveal potential cardiac regulatory mechanisms in Yili racehorses under different training regimens. PLoS One, 20(7), e0322468. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0322468

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 20
Issue: 7
Pages: e0322468
PII: e0322468

Researcher Affiliations

Wang, Tongliang
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjinag, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Horse Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi, Xinjinag, China.
  • Xinjiang Agricultural University Horse Industry Research Institute, Urumqi, Xinjinag, China.
Meng, Jun
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjinag, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Horse Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi, Xinjinag, China.
  • Xinjiang Agricultural University Horse Industry Research Institute, Urumqi, Xinjinag, China.
Peng, Xuan
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjinag, China.
Huang, Jinlong
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjinag, China.
Huang, Yunjiang
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjinag, China.
Yuan, Xinxin
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjinag, China.
Li, Xueyan
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjinag, China.
Yang, Xixi
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjinag, China.
Chang, Xiaokang
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjinag, China.
Zeng, Yaqi
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjinag, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Horse Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi, Xinjinag, China.
  • Xinjiang Agricultural University Horse Industry Research Institute, Urumqi, Xinjinag, China.
Yao, Xinkui
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjinag, China.
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Horse Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi, Xinjinag, China.
  • Xinjiang Agricultural University Horse Industry Research Institute, Urumqi, Xinjinag, China.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses / genetics
  • Horses / metabolism
  • Horses / physiology
  • MicroRNAs / genetics
  • MicroRNAs / metabolism
  • Metabolomics / methods
  • Physical Conditioning, Animal / physiology
  • RNA, Messenger / genetics
  • RNA, Messenger / metabolism
  • Echocardiography
  • Gene Expression Profiling
  • Male
  • Heart / physiology
  • Transcriptome
  • Myocardium / metabolism

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
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