FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Int J Mol Sci / Minicircle Mediated Gene Delivery to Canine and Equine Mesen...
International journal of molecular sciences2017; 18(4); 819; doi: 10.3390/ijms18040819

Minicircle Mediated Gene Delivery to Canine and Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Abstract: Gene-directed tissue repair offers the clinician, human or veterinary, the chance to enhance cartilage regeneration and repair at a molecular level. Non-viral plasmid vectors have key biosafety advantages over viral vector systems for regenerative therapies due to their episomal integration however, conventional non-viral vectors can suffer from low transfection efficiency. Our objective was to identify and validate in vitro a novel non-viral gene expression vector that could be utilized for ex vivo and in vivo delivery to stromal-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Minicircle plasmid DNA vector containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) was generated and transfected into adipose-derived MSCs from three species: canine, equine and rodent and transfection efficiency was determined. Both canine and rat cells showed transfection efficiencies of approximately 40% using minicircle vectors with equine cells exhibiting lower transfection efficiency. A -expressing minicircle vector was generated and transfected into canine MSCs. Successful transfection of the minicircle- vector was confirmed in canine cells by Sox9 immunostaining. This study demonstrate the application and efficacy of a novel non-viral expression vector in canine and equine MSCs. Minicircle vectors have potential use in gene-directed regenerative therapies in non-rodent animal models for treatment of cartilage injury and repair.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2017-04-12 PubMed ID: 28417917PubMed Central: PMC5412403DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040819Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research presents the successful usage of a new non-viral gene expression vector in canine and equine stem cells. The specific vector, called a minicircle vector, holds potential for advancement in gene-focused regenerative therapies, especially those treating cartilage damage and repair.

Objective of the Research

  • The main focus of this study was to find and validate a new type of non-viral gene expression vector that could be effectively used for in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo delivery to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These cells originate from the stroma, the connective tissue that surrounds other tissues and organs.

Minicircle Vector and Its Advantages

  • The research utilized a minicircle plasmid DNA vector. Plasmids are small, circular pieces of DNA that are not part of a bacterium’s main chromosome and are capable of replicating independently.
  • The particular minicircle vector used in the research featured the green fluorescent protein (GFP) – a useful tool in cell biology research as it emits a green glow when exposed to blue light, which helps in visualizing genes.
  • Minicircles have significant biosafety benefits over viral vector systems, primarily due to their episomal integration. This means they remain separate from the host cell’s own DNA, reducing the risk of unintentionally turning on/off any host genes. This is a common disadvantage of many viral vectors.
  • The traditional non-viral vectors often suffer from low transfection efficiency, implying that they’re unable to introduce their DNA into cells effectively. The minicircle vector apparently overcomes this issue, which makes it a potentially revolutionary tool in gene therapy.

Results of the Study

  • The research used MSCs derived from three species: dogs (canine), horses (equine), and rodents for the experiment.
  • The minicircle vectors showed roughly 40% transfection efficiency in both canine and rodent cells. Although the efficiency was significantly lower in the equine cells, the research proved successful overall.
  • In addition, the study generated a Sox9-expressing minicircle vector. Sox9 is a gene that is important for cartilage formation and validated its successful transfection into the canine MSCs.

Implications of the Research

  • The results demonstrate that minicircle vectors can potentially revolutionize gene-directed regenerative therapies, primarily in non-rodent animal models. This involves the use of MSCs to help repair or replace damaged tissues in the body.

Cite This Article

APA
Tidd N, Michelsen J, Hilbert B, Quinn JC. (2017). Minicircle Mediated Gene Delivery to Canine and Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci, 18(4), 819. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18040819

Publication

International journal of molecular sciences
ISSN: 1422-0067
NlmUniqueID: 101092791
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 18
Issue: 4
PII: 819

Researcher Affiliations

Tidd, Naomie
  • School of Animal and Veterinary Science, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia. ntidd@csu.edu.au.
Michelsen, Jacob
  • School of Animal and Veterinary Science, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia. jmichelsen@csu.edu.au.
Hilbert, Bryan
  • School of Animal and Veterinary Science, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia. bhilbert@csu.edu.au.
Quinn, Jane C
  • School of Animal and Veterinary Science, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia. jquinn@csu.edu.au.
  • Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678 Australia. jquinn@csu.edu.au.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Biomarkers
  • Cell Differentiation / genetics
  • Cell Line
  • Chondrogenesis / genetics
  • Dogs
  • Gene Expression
  • Gene Transfer Techniques
  • Genes, Reporter
  • Genetic Vectors / genetics
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / cytology
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / metabolism
  • Rats
  • SOX9 Transcription Factor / genetics
  • SOX9 Transcription Factor / metabolism
  • Transfection / methods
  • Transgenes

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 56 references
  1. Tan SL, Ahmad TS, Selvaratnam L, Kamarul T. Isolation, characterization and the multi-lineage differentiation potential of rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.. J Anat 2013 Apr;222(4):437-50.
    doi: 10.1111/joa.12032pmc: PMC3610036pubmed: 23510053google scholar: lookup
  2. Cortes Y, Ojeda M, Araya D, Dueñas F, Fernández MS, Peralta OA. Isolation and multilineage differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from abattoir-derived bovine fetuses.. BMC Vet Res 2013 Jul 5;9:133.
    doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-133pmc: PMC3751243pubmed: 23826829google scholar: lookup
  3. Arnhold SJ, Goletz I, Klein H, Stumpf G, Beluche LA, Rohde C, Addicks K, Litzke LF. Isolation and characterization of bone marrow-derived equine mesenchymal stem cells.. Am J Vet Res 2007 Oct;68(10):1095-105.
    doi: 10.2460/ajvr.68.10.1095pubmed: 17916017google scholar: lookup
  4. Braun J, Hack A, Weis-Klemm M, Conrad S, Treml S, Kohler K, Walliser U, Skutella T, Aicher WK. Evaluation of the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation capacities of equine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells.. Am J Vet Res 2010 Oct;71(10):1228-36.
    doi: 10.2460/ajvr.71.10.1228pubmed: 20919912google scholar: lookup
  5. Burk J, Ribitsch I, Gittel C, Juelke H, Kasper C, Staszyk C, Brehm W. Growth and differentiation characteristics of equine mesenchymal stromal cells derived from different sources.. Vet J 2013 Jan;195(1):98-106.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.06.004pubmed: 22841420google scholar: lookup
  6. Vidal MA, Robinson SO, Lopez MJ, Paulsen DB, Borkhsenious O, Johnson JR, Moore RM, Gimble JM. Comparison of chondrogenic potential in equine mesenchymal stromal cells derived from adipose tissue and bone marrow.. Vet Surg 2008 Dec;37(8):713-24.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2008.00462.xpmc: PMC2746327pubmed: 19121166google scholar: lookup
  7. Reich CM, Raabe O, Wenisch S, Bridger PS, Kramer M, Arnhold S. Isolation, culture and chondrogenic differentiation of canine adipose tissue- and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells--a comparative study.. Vet Res Commun 2012 Jun;36(2):139-48.
    doi: 10.1007/s11259-012-9523-0pubmed: 22392598google scholar: lookup
  8. Kisiel AH, McD￮ LA, Masaoud E, Bailey TR, Esparza Gonzalez BP, Nino-Fong R. Isolation, characterization, and in vitro proliferation of canine mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, muscle, and periosteum.. Am J Vet Res 2012 Aug;73(8):1305-17.
    doi: 10.2460/ajvr.73.8.1305pubmed: 22849692google scholar: lookup
  9. Madry H, Cucchiarini M. Clinical potential and challenges of using genetically modified cells for articular cartilage repair.. Croat Med J 2011 Jun;52(3):245-61.
    doi: 10.3325/cmj.2011.52.245pmc: PMC3131141pubmed: 21674822google scholar: lookup
  10. Venkatesan JK, Ekici M, Madry H, Schmitt G, Kohn D, Cucchiarini M. SOX9 gene transfer via safe, stable, replication-defective recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors as a novel, powerful tool to enhance the chondrogenic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells.. Stem Cell Res Ther 2012;3(3):22.
    doi: 10.1186/scrt113pmc: PMC3583131pubmed: 22742415google scholar: lookup
  11. Tsuchiya H, Kitoh H, Sugiura F, Ishiguro N. Chondrogenesis enhanced by overexpression of sox9 gene in mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003 Feb 7;301(2):338-43.
    doi: 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)03026-7pubmed: 12565865google scholar: lookup
  12. Cao L, Yang F, Liu G, Yu D, Li H, Fan Q, Gan Y, Tang T, Dai K. The promotion of cartilage defect repair using adenovirus mediated Sox9 gene transfer of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.. Biomaterials 2011 Jun;32(16):3910-20.
    doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.02.014pubmed: 21377725google scholar: lookup
  13. Im GI, Kim HJ. Electroporation-mediated gene transfer of SOX trio to enhance chondrogenesis in adipose stem cells.. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2011 Apr;19(4):449-57.
    doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2011.01.005pubmed: 21251990google scholar: lookup
  14. Yang HN, Park JS, Woo DG, Jeon SY, Do HJ, Lim HY, Kim SW, Kim JH, Park KH. Chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells and dedifferentiated chondrocytes by transfection with SOX Trio genes.. Biomaterials 2011 Oct;32(30):7695-704.
    doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.06.059pubmed: 21764121google scholar: lookup
  15. Li Y, Tew SR, Russell AM, Gonzalez KR, Hardingham TE, Hawkins RE. Transduction of passaged human articular chondrocytes with adenoviral, retroviral, and lentiviral vectors and the effects of enhanced expression of SOX9.. Tissue Eng 2004 Mar-Apr;10(3-4):575-84.
    doi: 10.1089/107632704323061933pubmed: 15165474google scholar: lookup
  16. Santos JL, Pandita D, Rodrigues J, Pêgo AP, Granja PL, Tomás H. Non-viral gene delivery to mesenchymal stem cells: methods, strategies and application in bone tissue engineering and regeneration.. Curr Gene Ther 2011 Feb;11(1):46-57.
    doi: 10.2174/156652311794520102pubmed: 21182464google scholar: lookup
  17. Wang Z, Troilo PJ, Wang X, Griffiths TG, Pacchione SJ, Barnum AB, Harper LB, Pauley CJ, Niu Z, Denisova L, Follmer TT, Rizzuto G, Ciliberto G, Fattori E, Monica NL, Manam S, Ledwith BJ. Detection of integration of plasmid DNA into host genomic DNA following intramuscular injection and electroporation.. Gene Ther 2004 Apr;11(8):711-21.
    doi: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302213pubmed: 14724672google scholar: lookup
  18. Mayrhofer P, Schleef M, Jechlinger W. Use of minicircle plasmids for gene therapy.. Methods Mol Biol 2009;542:87-104.
    pubmed: 19565897doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-561-9_4google scholar: lookup
  19. Ronald JA, Cusso L, Chuang HY, Yan X, Dragulescu-Andrasi A, Gambhir SS. Development and validation of non-integrative, self-limited, and replicating minicircles for safe reporter gene imaging of cell-based therapies.. PLoS One 2013;8(8):e73138.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073138pmc: PMC3756008pubmed: 24015294google scholar: lookup
  20. Vaysse L, Gregory LG, Harbottle RP, Perouzel E, Tolmachov O, Coutelle C. Nuclear-targeted minicircle to enhance gene transfer with non-viral vectors in vitro and in vivo.. J Gene Med 2006 Jun;8(6):754-63.
    doi: 10.1002/jgm.883pubmed: 16532508google scholar: lookup
  21. de Wolf HK, Johansson N, Thong AT, Snel CJ, Mastrobattista E, Hennink WE, Storm G. Plasmid CpG depletion improves degree and duration of tumor gene expression after intravenous administration of polyplexes.. Pharm Res 2008 Jul;25(7):1654-62.
    doi: 10.1007/s11095-008-9558-7pmc: PMC2440937pubmed: 18317886google scholar: lookup
  22. Vandermeulen G, Marie C, Scherman D, Préat V. New generation of plasmid backbones devoid of antibiotic resistance marker for gene therapy trials.. Mol Ther 2011 Nov;19(11):1942-9.
    doi: 10.1038/mt.2011.182pmc: PMC3222533pubmed: 21878901google scholar: lookup
  23. Darquet AM, Cameron B, Wils P, Scherman D, Crouzet J. A new DNA vehicle for nonviral gene delivery: supercoiled minicircle.. Gene Ther 1997 Dec;4(12):1341-9.
    doi: 10.1038/sj.gt.3300540pubmed: 9472558google scholar: lookup
  24. Kobelt D, Schleef M, Schmeer M, Aumann J, Schlag PM, Walther W. Performance of high quality minicircle DNA for in vitro and in vivo gene transfer.. Mol Biotechnol 2013 Jan;53(1):80-9.
    doi: 10.1007/s12033-012-9535-6pubmed: 22467123google scholar: lookup
  25. Chen ZY, He CY, Ehrhardt A, Kay MA. Minicircle DNA vectors devoid of bacterial DNA result in persistent and high-level transgene expression in vivo.. Mol Ther 2003 Sep;8(3):495-500.
    doi: 10.1016/S1525-0016(03)00168-0pubmed: 12946323google scholar: lookup
  26. Huang M, Chen Z, Hu S, Jia F, Li Z, Hoyt G, Robbins RC, Kay MA, Wu JC. Novel minicircle vector for gene therapy in murine myocardial infarction.. Circulation 2009 Sep 15;120(11 Suppl):S230-7.
    doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.841155pmc: PMC3163107pubmed: 19752373google scholar: lookup
  27. Osborn MJ, McElmurry RT, Lees CJ, DeFeo AP, Chen ZY, Kay MA, Naldini L, Freeman G, Tolar J, Blazar BR. Minicircle DNA-based gene therapy coupled with immune modulation permits long-term expression of α-L-iduronidase in mice with mucopolysaccharidosis type I.. Mol Ther 2011 Mar;19(3):450-60.
    doi: 10.1038/mt.2010.249pmc: PMC3048178pubmed: 21081900google scholar: lookup
  28. Gracey Maniar LE, Maniar JM, Chen ZY, Lu J, Fire AZ, Kay MA. Minicircle DNA vectors achieve sustained expression reflected by active chromatin and transcriptional level.. Mol Ther 2013 Jan;21(1):131-8.
    doi: 10.1038/mt.2012.244pmc: PMC3538319pubmed: 23183534google scholar: lookup
  29. Simon TM, Aberman HM. Cartilage regeneration and repair testing in a surrogate large animal model.. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2010 Feb;16(1):65-79.
    doi: 10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0304pubmed: 19728790google scholar: lookup
  30. Chu CR, Szczodry M, Bruno S. Animal models for cartilage regeneration and repair.. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2010 Feb;16(1):105-15.
    doi: 10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0452pmc: PMC3121784pubmed: 19831641google scholar: lookup
  31. Barry F, Boynton RE, Liu B, Murphy JM. Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow: differentiation-dependent gene expression of matrix components.. Exp Cell Res 2001 Aug 15;268(2):189-200.
    doi: 10.1006/excr.2001.5278pubmed: 11478845google scholar: lookup
  32. Bobick BE, Chen FH, Le AM, Tuan RS. Regulation of the chondrogenic phenotype in culture.. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today 2009 Dec;87(4):351-71.
    doi: 10.1002/bdrc.20167pubmed: 19960542google scholar: lookup
  33. Estes BT, Diekman BO, Gimble JM, Guilak F. Isolation of adipose-derived stem cells and their induction to a chondrogenic phenotype.. Nat Protoc 2010 Jul;5(7):1294-311.
    doi: 10.1038/nprot.2010.81pmc: PMC3219531pubmed: 20595958google scholar: lookup
  34. Darquet AM, Rangara R, Kreiss P, Schwartz B, Naimi S, Delaère P, Crouzet J, Scherman D. Minicircle: an improved DNA molecule for in vitro and in vivo gene transfer.. Gene Ther 1999 Feb;6(2):209-18.
    doi: 10.1038/sj.gt.3300816pubmed: 10435105google scholar: lookup
  35. Chen ZY, He CY, Kay MA. Improved production and purification of minicircle DNA vector free of plasmid bacterial sequences and capable of persistent transgene expression in vivo.. Hum Gene Ther 2005 Jan;16(1):126-31.
    doi: 10.1089/hum.2005.16.126pubmed: 15703495google scholar: lookup
  36. Schwarz C, Leicht U, Rothe C, Drosse I, Luibl V, Röcken M, Schieker M. Effects of different media on proliferation and differentiation capacity of canine, equine and porcine adipose derived stem cells.. Res Vet Sci 2012 Aug;93(1):457-62.
    doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.08.010pubmed: 21940026google scholar: lookup
  37. Schwarz C, Leicht U, Drosse I, Ulrich V, Luibl V, Schieker M, Röcken M. Characterization of adipose-derived equine and canine mesenchymal stem cells after incubation in agarose-hydrogel.. Vet Res Commun 2011 Dec;35(8):487-99.
    doi: 10.1007/s11259-011-9492-8pubmed: 21755422google scholar: lookup
  38. Martinello T, Bronzini I, Maccatrozzo L, Mollo A, Sampaolesi M, Mascarello F, Decaminada M, Patruno M. Canine adipose-derived-mesenchymal stem cells do not lose stem features after a long-term cryopreservation.. Res Vet Sci 2011 Aug;91(1):18-24.
    doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.07.024pubmed: 20732703google scholar: lookup
  39. Nishida H, Shoji Y, Nakamura M, Hatoya S, Sugiura K, Yamate J, Kuwamura M, Kotani T, Nakayama M, Suzuki Y, Ide C, Inaba T. Evaluation of methods for cell harvesting and the biological properties at successive passages of canine bone marrow stromal cells.. Am J Vet Res 2012 Nov;73(11):1832-40.
    doi: 10.2460/ajvr.73.11.1832pubmed: 23106472google scholar: lookup
  40. Dexheimer V, Frank S, Richter W. Proliferation as a requirement for in vitro chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells.. Stem Cells Dev 2012 Aug 10;21(12):2160-9.
    doi: 10.1089/scd.2011.0670pmc: PMC3411365pubmed: 22229819google scholar: lookup
  41. Lefebvre V, Behringer RR, de Crombrugghe B. L-Sox5, Sox6 and Sox9 control essential steps of the chondrocyte differentiation pathway.. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2001;9 Suppl A:S69-75.
    doi: 10.1053/joca.2001.0447pubmed: 11680692google scholar: lookup
  42. Akiyama H. Control of chondrogenesis by the transcription factor Sox9.. Mod Rheumatol 2008;18(3):213-9.
    doi: 10.3109/s10165-008-0048-xpubmed: 18351289google scholar: lookup
  43. Kypriotou M, Fossard-Demoor M, Chadjichristos C, Ghayor C, de Crombrugghe B, Pujol JP, Galéra P. SOX9 exerts a bifunctional effect on type II collagen gene (COL2A1) expression in chondrocytes depending on the differentiation state.. DNA Cell Biol 2003 Feb;22(2):119-29.
    doi: 10.1089/104454903321515922pubmed: 12713737google scholar: lookup
  44. Wehrli BM, Huang W, De Crombrugghe B, Ayala AG, Czerniak B. Sox9, a master regulator of chondrogenesis, distinguishes mesenchymal chondrosarcoma from other small blue round cell tumors.. Hum Pathol 2003 Mar;34(3):263-9.
    doi: 10.1053/hupa.2003.41pubmed: 12673561google scholar: lookup
  45. Bi W, Deng JM, Zhang Z, Behringer RR, de Crombrugghe B. Sox9 is required for cartilage formation.. Nat Genet 1999 May;22(1):85-9.
    pubmed: 10319868doi: 10.1038/8792google scholar: lookup
  46. Stenler S, Andersson A, Simonson OE, Lundin KE, Chen ZY, Kay MA, Smith CI, Sylvén C, Blomberg P. Gene transfer to mouse heart and skeletal muscles using a minicircle expressing human vascular endothelial growth factor.. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009 Jan;53(1):18-23.
    doi: 10.1097/FJC.0b013e318194234epubmed: 19129741google scholar: lookup
  47. Wahlfors J, Loimas S, Pasanen T, Hakkarainen T. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion constructs in gene therapy research.. Histochem Cell Biol 2001 Jan;115(1):59-65.
    doi: 10.1007/s004180000219pubmed: 11219609google scholar: lookup
  48. Chabot S, Orio J, Schmeer M, Schleef M, Golzio M, Teissié J. Minicircle DNA electrotransfer for efficient tissue-targeted gene delivery.. Gene Ther 2013 Jan;20(1):62-8.
    doi: 10.1038/gt.2011.215pubmed: 22257936google scholar: lookup
  49. Bigger BW, Tolmachov O, Collombet JM, Fragkos M, Palaszewski I, Coutelle C. An araC-controlled bacterial cre expression system to produce DNA minicircle vectors for nuclear and mitochondrial gene therapy.. J Biol Chem 2001 Jun 22;276(25):23018-27.
    doi: 10.1074/jbc.M010873200pubmed: 11304530google scholar: lookup
  50. Vaughan EE, DeGiulio JV, Dean DA. Intracellular trafficking of plasmids for gene therapy: mechanisms of cytoplasmic movement and nuclear import.. Curr Gene Ther 2006 Dec;6(6):671-681.
    doi: 10.2174/156652306779010688pmc: PMC4400175pubmed: 17168698google scholar: lookup
  51. Izumisawa T, Hattori Y, Date M, Toma K, Maitani Y. Cell line-dependent internalization pathways determine DNA transfection efficiency of decaarginine-PEG-lipid.. Int J Pharm 2011 Feb 14;404(1-2):264-70.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.11.017pubmed: 21093557google scholar: lookup
  52. Rejman J, Oberle V, Zuhorn IS, Hoekstra D. Size-dependent internalization of particles via the pathways of clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis.. Biochem J 2004 Jan 1;377(Pt 1):159-69.
    doi: 10.1042/bj20031253pmc: PMC1223843pubmed: 14505488google scholar: lookup
  53. Lechardeur D, Lukacs GL. Nucleocytoplasmic transport of plasmid DNA: a perilous journey from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.. Hum Gene Ther 2006 Sep;17(9):882-9.
    doi: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.882pubmed: 16972756google scholar: lookup
  54. Jia F, Wilson KD, Sun N, Gupta DM, Huang M, Li Z, Panetta NJ, Chen ZY, Robbins RC, Kay MA, Longaker MT, Wu JC. A nonviral minicircle vector for deriving human iPS cells.. Nat Methods 2010 Mar;7(3):197-9.
    doi: 10.1038/nmeth.1426pmc: PMC2892897pubmed: 20139967google scholar: lookup
  55. Douglas KL, Piccirillo CA, Tabrizian M. Cell line-dependent internalization pathways and intracellular trafficking determine transfection efficiency of nanoparticle vectors.. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008 Mar;68(3):676-87.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.09.002pubmed: 17945472google scholar: lookup
  56. Hattori T, Müller C, Gebhard S, Bauer E, Pausch F, Schlund B, Bösl MR, Hess A, Surmann-Schmitt C, von der Mark H, de Crombrugghe B, von der Mark K. SOX9 is a major negative regulator of cartilage vascularization, bone marrow formation and endochondral ossification.. Development 2010 Mar;137(6):901-11.
    doi: 10.1242/dev.045203pubmed: 20179096google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 8 times.
  1. Carballo-Pedrares N, Ponti F, Lopez-Seijas J, Miranda-Balbuena D, Bono N, Candiani G, Rey-Rico A. Non-viral gene delivery to human mesenchymal stem cells: a practical guide towards cell engineering.. J Biol Eng 2023 Jul 25;17(1):49.
    doi: 10.1186/s13036-023-00363-7pubmed: 37491322google scholar: lookup
  2. Carballo-Pedrares N, Sanjurjo-Rodriguez C, Señarís J, Díaz-Prado S, Rey-Rico A. Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells via SOX9 Delivery in Cationic Niosomes.. Pharmaceutics 2022 Oct 28;14(11).
    doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112327pubmed: 36365145google scholar: lookup
  3. Kozisek T, Hamann A, Samuelson L, Fudolig M, Pannier AK. Comparison of promoter, DNA vector, and cationic carrier for efficient transfection of hMSCs from multiple donors and tissue sources.. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2021 Dec 3;26:81-93.
    doi: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.06.018pubmed: 34513295google scholar: lookup
  4. Rim YA, Nam Y, Park N, Ju JH. Minicircles for Investigating and Treating Arthritic Diseases.. Pharmaceutics 2021 May 17;13(5).
    doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050736pubmed: 34067675google scholar: lookup
  5. Arévalo-Soliz LM, Hardee CL, Fogg JM, Corman NR, Noorbakhsh C, Zechiedrich L. Improving therapeutic potential of non-viral minimized DNA vectors.. Cell Gene Ther Insights 2020 Nov;6(10):1489-1505.
    doi: 10.18609/cgti.2020.163pubmed: 33953961google scholar: lookup
  6. Varkouhi AK, Monteiro APT, Tsoporis JN, Mei SHJ, Stewart DJ, Dos Santos CC. Genetically Modified Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells: Application in Critical Illness.. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020 Oct;16(5):812-827.
    doi: 10.1007/s12015-020-10000-1pubmed: 32671645google scholar: lookup
  7. Zhen C, Zhu H, Li Q, Xu W. Protective effects of mesenchymal stem cell cond tional medium against inflammatory injury on human gingival fibroblast.. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2017;10(8):8263-8269.
    pubmed: 31966677
  8. Ayala-Cuellar AP, Kang JH, Jeung EB, Choi KC. Roles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue Regeneration and Immunomodulation.. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019 Jan 1;27(1):25-33.
    doi: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.260pubmed: 29902862google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,383 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.