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Home/Equine Research Bank/Vet Surg/Comparison of chondrogenic potential in equine mesenchymal s...
Veterinary surgery : VS2009; 37(8); 713-724; doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2008.00462.x

Comparison of chondrogenic potential in equine mesenchymal stromal cells derived from adipose tissue and bone marrow.

Abstract: To compare the chondrogenic potential of adult equine mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow (MSCs) or adipose tissue (ASCs). Methods: In vitro experimental study. Methods: Adult Thoroughbred horses (n=11). Methods: BM (5 horses; mean [+/-SD] age, 4+/-1.4 years) or adipose tissue (6 horses; mean age, 3.5+/-1.1 years) samples were obtained. Cryopreserved MSCs and ASCs were used for pellet cultures in stromal medium (C) or induced into chondrogenesis+/-transforming growth factor-3 (TGFbeta(3)) and bone morphogenic factor-6 (BMP-6). Pellets harvested after 3, 7, 14, and 21 days were examined for cross-sectional size and tissue composition (hematoxylin and eosin), glycosaminoglycan (GAG) staining (Alcian blue), collagen type II immunohistochemistry, and by transmission electron microscopy. Pellet GAG and total DNA content were measured using dimethylmethylene blue and Hoechst DNA assays. Results: Collagen type II synthesis was predominantly observed in MSC pellets from Day 7 onward. Unlike ASC cultures, MSC pellets had hyaline-like matrix by Day 14. GAG deposition occurred earlier in MSC cultures compared with ASC cultures and growth factors enhanced both MSC GAG concentrations (P<.0001) and MSC pellet size (P<.004) after 2 weeks in culture. Conclusions: Equine MSCs have superior chondrogenic potential compared with ASCs and the equine ASC growth factor response suggests possible differences compared with other species. Conclusions: Elucidation of equine ASC and MSC receptor profiles will enhance the use of these cells in regenerative cartilage repair.
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Publication Date: 2009-01-06 PubMed ID: 19121166PubMed Central: PMC2746327DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2008.00462.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study examines the potential for cartilage formation in adult horse stem cells derived from bone marrow and fat tissue, and finds that the stem cells from bone marrow show a stronger potential for this.

Study Methodology

  • The researchers conducted an in vitro experimental study using adult Thoroughbred horses. They obtained samples of bone marrow (from 5 horses) and adipose tissue (from 6 horses) to extract mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and adipose stem cells (ASCs) respectively.
  • Cryopreserved MSCs and ASCs were cultured in a specific medium or induced into chondrogenesis, a process that allows the formation of cartilage, using transforming growth factor-3 (TGFbeta(3)) and bone morphogenic factor-6 (BMP-6).
  • The culture samples, referred to as pellets, were harvested at intervals (3, 7, 14, and 21 days) and examined for size, tissue composition, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) staining using a dye called Alcian blue, collagen type II immunohistochemistry, and by transmission electron microscopy.
  • GAG and total DNA content of the pellets were measured using dimethylmethylene blue and Hoechst DNA assays.

Results and Findings

  • The results showed that synthesis of collagen type II, which is a critical component of cartilage, was observed predominantly in the bone marrow-derived MSC pellets from Day 7 onwards.
  • Unlike the fat-derived ASC cultures, the MSC pellets showed evidence of a hyaline-like matrix by Day 14. A hyaline-like matrix resembles healthy cartilage structure.
  • Deposition of GAG, a substance that gives cartilage its flexibility and resistance, occurred earlier in the MSC cultures compared to the ASC cultures.
  • The presence of growth factors enhanced the GAG concentrations and pellet size in the MSC cultures after two weeks.

Conclusions

  • The results suggest that equine bone marrow-derived MSCs have superior potential for formation of cartilage compared to ASCs derived from adipose tissue.
  • The response of ASCs to growth factors suggests there may be differences when compared with other species. Further research into this could enhance the use of these cells in regenerative cartilage repair.

Cite This Article

APA
Vidal MA, Robinson SO, Lopez MJ, Paulsen DB, Borkhsenious O, Johnson JR, Moore RM, Gimble JM. (2009). Comparison of chondrogenic potential in equine mesenchymal stromal cells derived from adipose tissue and bone marrow. Vet Surg, 37(8), 713-724. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2008.00462.x

Publication

Veterinary surgery : VS
ISSN: 1532-950X
NlmUniqueID: 8113214
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 37
Issue: 8
Pages: 713-724

Researcher Affiliations

Vidal, Martin A
  • Equine Health Studies Program, Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA. mavidal@ucdavis.edu
Robinson, Sandra O
    Lopez, Mandi J
      Paulsen, Daniel B
        Borkhsenious, Olga
          Johnson, Jill R
            Moore, Rustin M
              Gimble, Jeffrey M

                MeSH Terms

                • Adipocytes / cytology
                • Adipocytes / physiology
                • Animals
                • Bone Marrow Cells / cytology
                • Bone Marrow Cells / physiology
                • Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6 / metabolism
                • Cell Differentiation / physiology
                • Cells, Cultured
                • Chondrogenesis / physiology
                • Collagen Type II / metabolism
                • Horses
                • Male
                • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / cytology
                • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / physiology
                • Osteogenesis / physiology
                • Species Specificity
                • Time Factors
                • Transforming Growth Factors / metabolism

                Grant Funding

                • P30 DK072476 / NIDDK NIH HHS
                • P30 DK072476-04 / NIDDK NIH HHS

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